Feasibility study of wave energy harvesting along the southern coast and islands of Iran

Abstract Due to the distance of remote coastal areas and multiple islands in the south of Iran from the national grid, establishing wave power plants is highly beneficial. Therefore, in this study, the wave energy potential at these regions is investigated. For this purpose, wave characteristics are provided using European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) for ten years, and validated against buoy measurements in two different intervals. The annual, seasonal and monthly variations of wave characteristics and seasonal wave energy flux roses along with the annual occurrence probability of different sea states are also assessed. According to the results, the wave energy in the Oman Sea reaches to its maximum, 17 kW/m at Chabahar port, in summer, and the maximum wave energy in Persian Gulf and Strait of Hormuz, which reaches to 10 kW/m in Kish Island, occurs in winter. In fact, wave parameters in the central regions of Persian Gulf have the higher values than Oman Sea in this season. Finally, Chabahar port in Oman Sea, Kangan port, Kish Island and Kharg Island in the Persian Gulf are considered as the wave energy hotspots, and the most suitable wave energy converter (WEC) systems are suggested for the selected hotspots.

[1]  Gregg A. Jacobs,et al.  A statistical comparison of wind speed, wave height, and wave period derived from satellite altimeters and ocean buoys in the Gulf of Mexico region , 1998 .

[2]  P. Vethamony,et al.  Assessment of wave modeling results with buoy and altimeter deep water waves for a summer monsoon , 2004 .

[3]  Johannes Falnes,et al.  A REVIEW OF WAVE-ENERGY EXTRACTION , 2007 .

[4]  Pasquale Contestabile,et al.  Wave energy potential in the north-west of Sardinia (Italy) , 2013 .

[5]  A. Clément,et al.  Wave energy in Europe: current status and perspectives , 2002 .

[6]  S. Z. Dawal.  The fifth energy option for Malaysia , 2006 .

[7]  Gunwoo Kim,et al.  Offshore and nearshore wave energy assessment around the Korean Peninsula , 2011 .

[8]  J. Chan,et al.  The Role of the Asian–Australian Monsoon System in the Onset Time of El Niño Events , 2001 .

[9]  Justin E. Stopa,et al.  Wave energy resources along the Hawaiian Island chain , 2013 .

[10]  M. Mccormick.  Ocean Wave-Energy Conversion , 2019, Encyclopedia of Ocean Sciences.

[11]  A. Etemad-Shahidi,et al.  Sustainability of wave energy resources in southern Caspian Sea , 2016 .

[12]  G. Lavidas,et al.  Wave energy resource evaluation and characterisation for the Libyan Sea , 2017 .

[13]  P. Mota,et al.  Wave energy potential along the western Portuguese coast , 2014 .

[14]  C. Soares,et al.  Wave energy conditions in the western French coast , 2014 .

[15]  A. Etemad-Shahidi,et al.  Temporal-spatial variation of wave energy and nearshore hotspots in the Gulf of Oman based on locally generated wind waves , 2016 .

[16]  K. Srinivas,et al.  Comparison of Grid Averaged Altimeter and Buoy Significant Wave Heights in the Northern Indian Ocean , 2013 .

[17]  A. Etemad-Shahidi,et al.  Wave energy potential along the northern coasts of the Gulf of Oman, Iran , 2012 .

[18]  Hiroshi Kawamura,et al.  Validation of wind speeds and significant wave heights observed by the TOPEX altimeter around Japan , 1994 .

[19]  Jing Pan,et al.  Assessing the China Sea wind energy and wave energy resources from 1988 to 2009 , 2013 .

[20]  M. Ketabdari,et al.  Feasibility study on tidal and wave energy conversion in Iranian seas , 2015 .

[21]  Ami Hassan Md Din,et al.  Satellite-based wave data and wave energy resource assessment for South China Sea , 2016 .

[22]  Alan S. Fung,et al.  Review of marine renewable energies: Case study of Iran , 2011 .

[23]  H. Fritz,et al.  Wave power potential along the Atlantic coast of the southeastern USA , 2009 .

[24]  M. Abbaspour,et al.  Iran atlas of offshore renewable energies , 2011 .

[25]  Hans Bernhoff,et al.  Wave energy resources in sheltered sea areas: A case study of the Baltic Sea , 2006 .

[26]  R. Shafaghat,et al.  Wave energy potential along the southern coast of the Caspian Sea , 2017 .

[27]  Murat İhsan Kömürcü,et al.  Wave energy potential along the south-east coasts of the Black Sea , 2012 .

[28]  Fushun Liu,et al.  22-Year wave energy hindcast for the China East Adjacent Seas , 2014 .

[29]  António F.O. Falcão.  Stochastic modelling in wave power-equipment optimization: maximum energy production versus maximum profit , 2004 .

[30]  S. Neill,et al.  Wave power variability over the northwest European shelf seas , 2013 .

[31]  Bingchen Liang,et al.  Numerical modelling of the nearshore wave energy resources of Shandong peninsula, China , 2013 .

[32]  Dahai Zhang,et al.  An overview of hydraulic systems in wave energy application in China , 2012 .

[33]  Chandima Gomes,et al.  New approaches in harnessing wave energy: with special attention to small islands , 2014 .

[34]  Gregorio Iglesias,et al.  Wave energy potential along the Death Coast (Spain) , 2009 .

[35]  Rezvan Alamian,et al.  Evaluation of technologies for harvesting wave energy in Caspian Sea , 2014 .

[36]  Kyung-Ae Park,et al.  Validation of Significant Wave Height from Satellite Altimeter in the Seas around Korea and Error Characteristics , 2013 .

[37]  Peter Frigaard,et al.  Generation and Analysis of Random Waves , 1999 .

[38]  Berna Ayat.  Wave power atlas of Eastern Mediterranean and Aegean Seas , 2013 .

[39]  Aurélien Babarit,et al.  Numerical benchmarking study of a selection of wave energy converters , 2012 .

[40]  Eugen Rusu,et al.  Evaluation of the wind and wave energy along the Caspian Sea , 2013 .

[41]  John Ringwood.  The Dynamics of Wave Energy , 2006 .