Drug Class Review: HMG-CoA Reductase Inhibitors (Statins) and Fixed-dose Combination Products Containing a Statin: Final Report Update 5

In the United States, coronary heart disease and cardiovascular disease account for nearly 40% of all deaths each year. Coronary heart disease continues to be the leading cause of mortality and a significant cause of morbidity among North Americans. In 2006, coronary heart disease claimed 607 000 lives, translating into about 1 out of every 5 deaths in the United States. High levels of cholesterol, or hypercholesterolemia, are an important risk factor for coronary heart disease. The 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme (HMG-CoA) reductase inhibitors, also known as statins, are the most effective class of drugs for lowering serum low-density lipoprotein cholesterol concentrations. They are first-line agents for patients who require drug therapy to reduce serum low-density lipoprotein cholesterol concentrations. The purpose of this review is to compare the benefits and harms of different statins in adults and children with hypercholesterolemia.