Enhanced Piezoelectric Property of Barium Titanate Single Crystals by Domain Wall Engineering Using Patterning Electrode

For the [111] oriented barium titanate (BaTiO3) single crystals, the patterning electrode was used to induce the finer engineered domain configurations with domain size below 5 μ m. The poling treatment was performed at 134.0°C under electric fields below 6 kV/cm to inhibit the burning of the patterning electrode with photoresist. As the results, the gradient domain sizes from 3 μm (high voltage side) to 8–9 μ m (ground side) were induced into the 31 resonator along thickness direction. For this resonator, the d31 was measured at −243.2 pC/N using a resonance-antiresonance method.