Design of adder and subtractor circuits in majority logic-based field-coupled QCA nanocomputing

Quantum-dot cellular automata (QCA) is an emerging field-coupled nanotechnology that promises to outperform existing CMOS technology. Single-layer QCA designs of full adder, full subtractor, ripple carry adder, and ripple borrow subtractor is proposed. The proposed designs are improved over both existing single-layer designs and multilayer designs.