Investigation of voltage stability improvement in the distribution network with large amount of induction motors using PSS/E: Load interruption and use of SVCs

Voltage stability improvement methods following a disturbance and Fault Induced Delayed Voltage Recovery (FIDVR) event are studied with the aim of satisfying a voltage recovery criterion and saving as much load as possible. These methods are temporary load interruption and the use of Static Var Compensators (SVCs). The loads are temporarily tripped and then reconnected. The locations and sizes of SVCs are also determined. The criterion to be met is the recovery of voltages at all buses in the network to 0.9 pu within 1 s following a disturbance. Simulations are done on a typical distribution system with a large number of motor loads using Power System Simulator for Engineering (PSS/E) software with the help of Python programming language for automation and control and the results are analyzed. The results show that load interruption aids and significantly improves the voltage recovery following a disturbance in the network. It is also observed from the results that the use of SVCs also enables the voltage to recover faster with the criterion for voltage recovery at all buses fulfilled. However, the best results are obtained when load interruption is combined with the use of SVCs. The two methods complement each other. When the two methods are combined the amount of load that has to be interrupted is less and the number of SVCs required is also reduced. This results in fewer loads being interrupted. Moreover, the investment cost on SVCs is also reduced.

[1]  Bogdan Otomega,et al.  Local vs. wide-area undervoltage load shedding in the presence of induction motor loads , 2009, 2009 IEEE Bucharest PowerTech.

[2]  P.A.-D.-V. Raj,et al.  Optimum Load Shedding in Power System Strategies with Voltage Stability Indicators , 2010 .

[3]  H. Bevrani,et al.  Power System Load Shedding: Key Issues and New Perspectives , 2010 .

[4]  C.D. Vournas,et al.  Design Strategies for Load-Shedding Schemes Against Voltage Collapse in the Hellenic System , 2008, IEEE Transactions on Power Systems.

[5]  Bogdan Otomega,et al.  Distributed load interruption and shedding against voltage delayed recovery or instability , 2013, 2013 IEEE Grenoble Conference.

[6]  Zhipeng Liu,et al.  An optimal under‐frequency load shedding strategy considering distributed generators and load static characteristics , 2013 .

[7]  Jizhong Zhu,et al.  Optimal load shedding study of naval-ship power system using the Everett optimization technique , 2002 .

[8]  Mahmoud Moghavvemi,et al.  Technique for contingency monitoring and voltage collapse prediction , 1998 .

[9]  V. Stewart,et al.  Modeling of stalled motor loads for power system short-term voltage stability analysis , 2005, IEEE Power Engineering Society General Meeting, 2005.

[10]  C. Reis,et al.  A comparison of voltage stability indices , 2006, MELECON 2006 - 2006 IEEE Mediterranean Electrotechnical Conference.

[11]  D. K. Subramanian.  Optimum Load Shedding Through Programming Techniques , 1971 .

[12]  C. Fuerte-Esquivel,et al.  Advanced SVC models for Newton-Raphson load flow and Newton optimal power flow studies , 2000 .

[13]  T. Van Cutsem,et al.  Undervoltage Load Shedding Using Distributed Controllers , 2007, IEEE Transactions on Power Systems.

[14]  Ismail Musirin,et al.  On-line voltage stability based contingency ranking using fast voltage stability index (FVSI) , 2002, IEEE/PES Transmission and Distribution Conference and Exhibition.

[15]  S. Chan,et al.  A Solution of the Transmission Limited Dispatch Problem by Sparse Linear Programming , 1979, IEEE Transactions on Power Apparatus and Systems.

[16]  P. Kessel,et al.  Estimating the Voltage Stability of a Power System , 1986, IEEE Power Engineering Review.

[17]  M. E. El-Hawary,et al.  Optimal dynamic load shedding using a Newton based dynamic algorithm , 1995 .

[18]  D. Devaraj,et al.  Genetic algorithm based reactive power dispatch for voltage stability improvement , 2010 .

[19]  Ding Xu,et al.  Optimal load shedding strategy in power systems with distributed generation , 2001, 2001 IEEE Power Engineering Society Winter Meeting. Conference Proceedings (Cat. No.01CH37194).

[20]  Nima Amjady,et al.  An Optimal Load Cut Policy with Event-Driven Design against Voltage Instability Using Theta-Particle Swarm Optimization , 2013 .

[21]  Anne Kuefer,et al.  Voltage Stability Of Electric Power Systems , 2016 .

[22]  Jerry Lawson,et al.  Managing fault-induced delayed voltage recovery in Metro Atlanta with the Barrow County SVC , 2009, 2009 IEEE/PES Power Systems Conference and Exposition.

[23]  C. Moors,et al.  Design of load shedding schemes against voltage instability using combinatorial optimization , 2002, 2002 IEEE Power Engineering Society Winter Meeting. Conference Proceedings (Cat. No.02CH37309).

[24]  M. Karimi,et al.  Combination of adaptive and intelligent load shedding techniques for distribution network , 2012, 2012 IEEE International Power Engineering and Optimization Conference Melaka, Malaysia.

[25]  Peter Crossley,et al.  System Protection Schemes in Power Networks , 2001 .

[26]  Costas D. Vournas,et al.  Power System Voltage Stability , 2015, Encyclopedia of Systems and Control.

[27]  Mahdi El Arini.  Optimal dynamic load shedding policy for generation load imbalances including characteristics of loads , 1999 .

[28]  Ashkan Rahimi-Kian,et al.  An Optimal Pricing Policy for Interruptible Load Contracts in Power Markets: A Case Study for Iran , 2012 .

[29]  I. A. Hamzah,et al.  Static Var compensators (SVC) required to solve the problem of delayed voltage recovery following faults in the power system of the Saudi electricity company, western region (SEC-WR) , 2003, 2003 IEEE Bologna Power Tech Conference Proceedings,.

[30]  William F. Tinney,et al.  Optimum Load-Shedding Policy for Power Systems , 1968 .

[31]  Laszlo Gyugyi,et al.  Understanding FACTS: Concepts and Technology of Flexible AC Transmission Systems , 1999 .

[32]  T. Van Cutsem.  Voltage instability: phenomena, countermeasures, and analysis methods , 2000, Proceedings of the IEEE.

[33]  Bogdan Otomega,et al.  A load shedding scheme against both short- and long-term voltage instabilities in the presence of induction motors , 2011, 2011 IEEE Trondheim PowerTech.

[34]  S.M. Halpin,et al.  Slope-Permissive Under-Voltage Load Shed Relay for Delayed Voltage Recovery Mitigation , 2008, IEEE Transactions on Power Systems.

[35]  M.H. Haque,et al.  Use of Local Information to Determine the Distance to Voltage Collapse , 2007, 2007 International Power Engineering Conference (IPEC 2007).

[36]  R. Billinton,et al.  Optimum load-shedding technique to reduce the total customer interruption cost in a distribution system , 2000 .

[37]  Thierry Van Cutsem,et al.  PROSPECTS OF AN IMPROVED SYSTEM PROTECTION SCHEME AGAINST VOLTAGE INSTABILITY IN THE RTE SYSTEM , 2008 .

[38]  C. W. Taylor.  Concepts of undervoltage load shedding for voltage stability , 1992 .

[39]  C. Vournas,et al.  Short-term voltage instability: effects on synchronous and induction machines , 2006, IEEE Transactions on Power Systems.

[40]  Mahmoud Moghavvemi,et al.  Real-time contingency evaluation and ranking technique , 1998 .

[41]  V Ajjarapu,et al.  A Novel Online Load Shedding Strategy for Mitigating Fault-Induced Delayed Voltage Recovery , 2011, IEEE Transactions on Power Systems.