This paper describes the introduction of chained signage systems into evacuation simulation models. Signage systems are widely used in buildings to provide information for wayfinding, thereby providing exiting information during emergencies and assisting in navigation during normal circulation of pedestrians.
Recently a system was developed to introduce simple signs into egress models. The system, known as Visibility Catchment Area or VCA, allowed similated agents to interact with signs which point directly to an exit and signs which are located directly above the exit. However, this approach was not able to represent the more general situation of a sign netwokr within an arbitrarily complex building. In this paper we extend the method to include chained signage systems which provides simulated agents that are unfamiliar with the structure a means by which to navigate to an emergency exit.
The model includes the associated navigation behaviours exhibited by occupants that rely on a signage system for navigation including: Searching behaviours, Backtracking behaviours, Lost behaviours and Communication behaviours. The new features are demonstrated through a series of demonstration cases and are shown to produce plausible results.
[1]
Dublin,et al.
Report of the Tribunal of Inquiry on the fire at the Stardust, Artane on the 14th February, 1981 (15.4 MB)
,
1982
.
[2]
Daniel M. Madrzykowski,et al.
Report of the Technical Investigation of The Station Nightclub Fire (NIST NCSTAR 2) ***DRAFT for Public Comments*** | NIST
,
2005
.
[3]
Ron Coté,et al.
Life safety code handbook
,
2000
.
[4]
Jonathan D. Sime.
Escape behaviour in fires: Panic or affiliation.
,
1984
.
[5]
Edwin R. Galea,et al.
Signage Legibility Distances as a Function of Observation Angle
,
2007
.
[6]
Edwin R. Galea,et al.
Modelling occupant interaction with fire conditions using the buildingEXODUS evacuation model
,
2001
.
[7]
Edwin R. Galea,et al.
Adaptive decision-making in buildingEXODUS
,
1998
.
[8]
Edwin R. Galea,et al.
Representing the Influence of Signage on Evacuation Behavior within an Evacuation Model
,
2006
.
[9]
Edwin R. Galea,et al.
Escape as a social response
,
1997
.