1. Chickens were given either a single dose of chloramphenicol (50 mg/kg body weight per os) or a dose of chloramphenicol together with pyridoxine (25 mg/kg per os) given 1 h before or 4 h afterwards. 2. Concentrations of chloramphenicol were determined in samples of serum and the rates of distribution and elimination extrapolated. Concentrations of chloramphenicol in muscle, liver and kidney were also determined. 3. Serum concentrations of chloramphenicol were lower in chickens given both pyridoxine and chloramphenicol compared with those given only chloramphenicol. 4. Differences were most pronounced during the post-absorptive phase. The rates of disappearance of chloramphenicol residues from tissues were enhanced by pyridoxine. 5. The biological half life of chloramphenicol and area under the concentration-time curve were both reduced by the concurrent administration of pyridoxine. 6. Availability of pyridoxine may be a rate limiting factor in the biotransformation of xenobiotics, though its indiscriminate use could cause failure of antibiotic therapy.
[1]
W. Wiegrebe.
Drug Interactions. A source book of drug interactions, their mechanisms, clinical importance and management, I. H. Stockley, 2. Aufgl., 679 S., 39. 50 Pfd.; Blackwell Scientific Publications, London. 1991
,
1992
.
[2]
A. Amer,et al.
Pharmacokinetics of chloramphenicol in normal and Escherichia coli infected chickens.
,
1991,
British poultry science.
[3]
R. Keniston,et al.
Pyridoxal 5'-phosphate as an antidote for cyanide, spermine, gentamicin, and dopamine toxicity: an in vivo rat study.
,
1987,
Toxicology and applied pharmacology.
[4]
M. J. Deutsch.
VITAMINS AND OTHER NUTRIENTS
,
1986
.
[5]
R. Bywater,et al.
Veterinary applied pharmacology and therapeutics.
,
1977
.
[6]
D. P. Johnson,et al.
Outline of details for microbiological assays of antibiotics: second revision.
,
1971,
Journal of pharmaceutical sciences.