Alien Species Alert: Rapana venosa (veined whelk) Prepared by the Working Group on Introductions and Transfers of Marine Organisms

s of presentations of a scientific seminar held in Murmansk (27-28 January, 2000) on introductions into the Caspian Sea, the Black Sea, the Sea of Azov, the Baltic, the White Sea and the Barents Sea have been published in “Species Introductions in the European Seas in Russia”. 4 RESULTS OF INTERNATIONAL PROJECTS 4.1 The EU Concerted Action Dr S. Gollasch presented information on this project (for further information, see Section 11.1 of the WGITMO report). Dr S. Olenin told the groups about his participation in the EUCA project with Dr S. Gollasch when he had been involved in the Ocean Going Workshop on a Russian hydrographic vessel sailing from St. Petersburg to Lisbon and back again. Fifty young international students took part in this Workshop sampling ballast water during the voyage. Ballast water was changed four times during the trip and studies on the changes in the community structure and abiotic factors were carried out. 4.2 IMO Workshop in the Black Sea Dr S. Gollasch reported on this workshop (see Section 7.7 of the National Report for Germany, Annex 3 of WGITMO report). 4.3 IM O ’s GEF Project As developing countries are generally unable to fund ballast water control, the IMO is assisting Brazil, China, India, Iran, the Ukraine, and South Africa in developing methods of treating ballast water. 62 2000 WGITMO Report 5 FUTURE RESEARCH PRIORITIES There was a general discussion on where future needs should be directed. Some of the ideas put forward included: 1) More studies should be conducted on the full range of vectors involved and prevention of introductions into Europe from such areas as the Indian and Pacific Oceans, for example. It was noted that taxonomic expertise on species worldwide is at a premium although it was also recognised that more novel genetic tools would become valuable for differentiating between species. 2) A website of “global travellers” should be produced with pictures to assist in alerting and identifying potential invasive species. Along with this, each country should establish what is present along its coasts, in its marine and fresh waters, etc. J.T. Carlton described Rapid Assessment Surveys (RAS) that have been carried out in some regions of the US. This involves a concerted intensive study carried out by experts over a few days to assess the range of species present in a given region/locality. 3) Methods for standardising assessments of ballast water treatment methods need to be established to be able to compare the effectiveness of such methods. Courses and training on ballast water sampling methods will become increasingly important as more studies begin in many other countries. 4) Funding should be made available for ecological studies. 6 ADJOURNMENT After a brief review of the afternoon’s meeting, all participants agreed that it had been an extremely valuable and interesting session. They also agreed that more meetings between the ICES WGITMO and BMB WGNEMOs should be encouraged when opportunities arise. The meeting was adjourned at 18.00 hrs. 2000 WGITMO Report 63 ANNEX 6: RECOMMENDATIONS TO THE COUNCIL WGITMO unanimously recommends that Dr S Gollasch (Germany) be appointed as Chair of the WGITMO as well as Chair of the ICES IOC IMO Study Group on Ballast and Other Ship Vectors (SGBOSV). WGITMO requests advice from the Working Group on Application of Genetics in Fisheries and Mariculture relative to the following: there is the likelihood that the farming of polyploid as opposed to diploid aquatic organisms will be part of the future development of aquaculture. Tetraploid and triploid oysters (particularly Crassostrea) are already being tested or used for commercial practices. The WGITMO seeks advice as to assessments that should be carriedout (relative to considerations such as how “sterile” individuals are produced, and whether they maintain their "sterile" state) and any other considerations that should be taken into account before a polyploid can be considered for release to the environment. Noting that the movement of aquatic organisms, and in particular commercial fisheries species, within and between ICES Member Countries can result in the unexpected expression of disease agents, especially when the species are moved to new climatic and other environmental conditions, WGITMO requests that ICES through ACME advise Member Countries that they should consider these to be the same as new introductions and transfers when moved for the first time, and thus always implement a review of any proposed movements using the ICES Code of Practice. Given both the continued spreading of species (such as parasitic eel nematodes and toxic phytoplankton species) by the commercial movement of fisheries products, in particular the introductions and transfers of shellfish and finfish, and given the arrival in ICES Member Countries of new invasions (such as the snails Rapana and Ocinebrellus), WGITMO urges ICES to alert Member Countries to apply risk assessment and management models to determine when there is the need to monitor consignments of shellfish and finfish moved within and between ICES Member Countries relative to their potential to spread such nuisance species. Noting that the importation and transfer of species intended for such purposes as the aquarium trade, bait industry, or for immediate consumption as live seafood, can result in the release in the wild of such species (such as the American lobster in European waters) and any accompanying organisms including pests, parasites and disease agents, WGITMO urges ICES to alert Member Countries to the need to carry out risk assessments and management reviews for non-native species intentionally imported into their countries for any purpose or by any means. In order to gather and keep track of improved statistical data on species imports and exports, the WGITMO proposes that ICES through ACME facilitates the establishment of an informal network within WGITMO to notify other WGITMO members as to when an export has been permitted from one Member Country to another Member Country. National Reports frequently contain information about a given species exported to another Member Country, whose National Report in turn does not contain or mirror import information on that same species. Thus National Reports appear to be either in complete or contradictory, a situation that could be prevented or ameliorated by internal communication prior to the preparation of the National Reports by WGITMO members. Contacts and timely communication established through such a network could aid in the prevention of introducing or transferring unwanted species. Recognising the potential risk from introductions of aquatic species into the coastal waters, inland seas and waterways of Member Countries through freshwater routes, WGITMO urges ICES to encourage and support joint meetings between ICES WGITMO and EIFAC, in addition to a continued dialogue between WGITMO and BMB. WGITMO (new chair: Dr S. Gollash, Germany) should meet immediately after the meeting of the ICES/IOC/IMO Study Group on Ballast and Other Ship Vectors (26-27 March 2001) in Barcelona, Spain (hosted by Prof M. Ribera, Universität de Barcelona) from 28 to 30 March 2001, to: prepare materials to support an information brochure on the current issues surrounding exotic species invasions, and the impending potential wave of future invasions, to be distributed to ICES Member Countries and to be offered on the ICES website: these materials could also be distributed in the form of species-specific information bulletins, sheets, or posters, focusing onwide spread and still spreading exotic species (such as Hemigrapsus, Undaria, and Sargassum) or on exotic species which are less well known to the public (such as the snails Rapana and Ocinebrellus, and the American lobster). This effort would include a special advisory on Rapana as discussed and approved by ICES in 1999: carry out a review of previous National Reports (since 1992) to determine whether the recorded incidents of introduced species, in terms of both their geographic spread and their abundance, reported by some Member Countries, such as the American lobster (Homarus americanus) in European waters, the distribution of the ship worm Teredo navalis and the tubeworm Ficopomatus enigmaticus, have been increasing in recent years: review databases on introduced species that have been developed on a regional basis, such as the databases developed by BMB, CIESM, and any others that are in the process of development, in order to improve communication and the dissemination of informa plaintion within and between ICES Member Countries and to inform other groups such as HELCOM where information on introduced species can be found since ICES does not maintain such a database: 2000 WGITMO Report d) report on the current status of fish, shellfish, algal, and other introductions in and between Member Countries, through: i) the submission of the National Reports, to further now include information on genetically modified organisms and the use of any biocontrol agents; ii) continuing to review the status of selected current invasions, including a) the status of the invasion of the snail Rapana in Atlantic America, France, and the Mediterranean, with a focus on producing an “Alert Sheet” to be distributed to ICES Member Countries, b) the continued spread of the kelp Undaria in France, Italy, Spain, Belgium, UK, The Netherlands, and other Member Countries, c) the spread of the crabs Hemigrapsus sanguineus and Hemigrapsus penicillatus, d) the status of the zebra mussel Dreissena polymorpha in Ireland and other countries, e) the status of thewater flea Cercopagis pengoi, especially any further spread in the Baltic Sea and the Great Lakes, and f) the snail Ocinebrellus inornatus in France; iii) continuing to review the potential risks from worldwide trade in live aquatic organisms for the food trade, for the aquarium and ornamental trade, and as live bait f

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