Estimation of Fault Rupture Extent Using Near-Source Records for Earthquake Early Warning

This chapter presents a methodology to estimate fault rupture extent in real time for the earthquake early warning. This approach identifies the fault rupture geometry by classifying stations into near source and far source. Suppose there is a sufficiently dense seismic network, the distribution of the near-source station can be used for identifying the fault geometry. In this chapter, we improved a discriminant function to classify seismic records into near-source or far-source records proposed in the previous work. We added the earthquake dataset obtained after 2007, and updated the discriminant function. Furthermore, we integrate the information on each station and proposed a methodology to display the fault rupture surface from the distribution of near-source stations. The probability that a station is near-source obtained from this optimal discriminant function shows the extent of the near-source area reasonably well, suggesting that the approach provides a good indicator of near-source and far-source stations for real-time analyses. After applying interpolation, we successfully displayed the fault rupture surface from the distribution of near-source stations.

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