Significant Predictors for Effectiveness of Blended Learning in a Language Course.

A wide variety of technologies combined with traditional classroom methods can make learning easier in the digital age. This paper studied undergraduate students’ satisfaction and learning performance after they had studied in a blended setting and investigated if variables of learner characteristics and course features would be predictors for effectiveness in a blended course. Data were gained from 149 students enrolled in a basic English course at a private university in Thailand, using a 5-rating scale questionnaire. The results of the study demonstrated that students were satisfied with instructor, interactivity and course design, and the mean score of performance was higher than the criterion. It was found that attitudes toward blended learning, face-to-face support and digital literacy were three variables predicting learning performance while only two variables including face-to-face support and attitudes toward blended learning were two predicting variables of satisfaction with the course. However, workload management and online learning tools quality were not predictors of learning performance and satisfaction with the course. When designing future blended courses, instructors should pay more attention to face-to-face support, attitudes toward blended learning and digital literacy since these factors may have an impact on the course success.

[1]  Betsy Duke,et al.  Connectivism as a Learning Theory for the Digital Age , 2012 .

[2]  R. Ladyshewsky E-learning compared with face to face: Differences in the academic achievement of postgraduate business students , 2004 .

[3]  Qiuyun Lin Student satisfactions in four mixed courses in elementary teacher education program , 2008 .

[4]  Diane Salter,et al.  A "Hybrid" Bacteriology Course: The Professor's Design and Expectations; The Students' Performance and Assessment. , 2005, Microbiology education.

[5]  P. Gilster Digital Literacy , 1997, Encyclopedia of Education and Information Technologies.

[6]  Khitam Shraim,et al.  An e-learning approach to secondary education in Palestine: opportunities and challenges , 2010, Inf. Technol. Dev..

[7]  Sean B. Eom,et al.  The Determinants of Students' Perceived Learning Outcomes and Satisfaction in University Online Education: An Empirical Investigation* , 2006 .

[8]  Katie Goeman,et al.  The effect of blended learning on course persistence and performance of adult learners: A difference-in-differences analysis , 2015, Comput. Educ..

[9]  Kaye Thorne,et al.  Blended Learning: How to Integrate Online and Traditional Learning , 2003 .

[10]  Chun Meng Tang,et al.  Digital Literacy: A Prerequisite for Effective Learning in a Blended Learning Environment?. , 2016 .

[11]  Martin Graff,et al.  Learning from web-based instructional systems and cognitive style , 2003, Br. J. Educ. Technol..

[12]  Binshan Lin,et al.  Determinants for success in online learning communities , 2009, Int. J. Web Based Communities.

[13]  Hassan M. Selim,et al.  Critical success factors for e-learning acceptance: Confirmatory factor models , 2007, Comput. Educ..

[14]  K. Spitzer,et al.  Blended learning positively affects students’ satisfaction and the role of the tutor in the problem-based learning process: results of a mixed-method evaluation , 2009, Advances in health sciences education : theory and practice.

[15]  F. Paas,et al.  Cognitive Architecture and Instructional Design , 1998 .

[16]  Jeong-Bae Son,et al.  Digital literacy of language learners in two different contexts , 2017 .

[17]  Roisin Donnelly,et al.  Harmonizing technology with interaction in blended problem-based learning , 2010, Comput. Educ..

[18]  Anthony G. Picciano,et al.  K–12 ONLINE LEARNING: A SURVEY OF U.S. SCHOOL DISTRICT ADMINISTRATORS , 2019, Online Learning.

[19]  Gary Motteram,et al.  'Blended' education and the transformation of teachers: a long-term case study in postgraduate UK Higher Education , 2006, Br. J. Educ. Technol..

[20]  F. Menezes,et al.  Assessing the impact of blended learning on student performance 1 , 2013 .

[21]  G. Jones,et al.  More than just a game: research developments and issues in competitive anxiety in sport. , 1995, British journal of psychology.

[22]  Daniel DeNeui,et al.  Asynchronous Learning Networks and Student Outcomes: The Utility of Online Learning Components in Hybrid Courses , 2006 .

[23]  Maria Puzziferro Online Technologies Self-Efficacy and Self-Regulated Learning as Predictors of Final Grade and Satisfaction in College-Level Online Courses , 2008 .

[24]  Mirna Nachouki,et al.  Evaluating Student Satisfaction with Blended Learning in a Gender-Segregated Environment , 2012, J. Inf. Technol. Educ. Res..

[25]  Karen Cachevki Williams Active Learning and Quality in Online Courses , 2006 .

[26]  George Siemens Connectivism: A Learning Theory for the Digital Age , 2004 .

[27]  Elisa Gavari Starkie,et al.  THE PRACTICUM: AN EXAMPLE OF CHANGES IN THE TEACHING AND LEARNING PROCESS IN THE EUROPEAN HIGHER EDUCATION SPACE. , 2007 .

[28]  Ömer Delialioglu,et al.  Design and development of a technology enhanced hybrid instruction based on MOLTA model: Its effectiveness in comparison to traditional instruction , 2008, Comput. Educ..

[29]  Chang Zhu,et al.  Student Characteristics and Learning Outcomes in a Blended Learning Environment Intervention in a Ugandan University , 2016 .

[30]  D. A. Parra Pérez,et al.  UNLEASHING THE POWER OF BLENDED LEARNING AND FLIPPED CLASSROOM FOR ENGLISH AS A FOREIGN LANGUAGE LEARNING: THREE SPHERES OF CHALLENGES AND STRATEGIES IN A HIGHER EDUCATION INSTITUTION IN COLOMBIA , 2014 .

[31]  Sabrina Hirsch,et al.  Online Learning Concepts Strategies And Application , 2016 .

[32]  Janette R. Hill,et al.  Improving online learning: Student perceptions of useful and challenging characteristics , 2004, Internet High. Educ..

[33]  Xin Chen,et al.  Checkable answers: Understanding student behaviors with instant feedback in a blended learning class , 2015, 2015 IEEE Frontiers in Education Conference (FIE).

[34]  B. McFarlin Hybrid lecture-online format increases student grades in an undergraduate exercise physiology course at a large urban university. , 2008, Advances in physiology education.

[35]  Feza Orhan Redesigning a Course for Blended Learning Environment. , 2008 .

[36]  Christopher R. Jones,et al.  Net generation or Digital Natives: Is there a distinct new generation entering university? , 2010, Comput. Educ..

[37]  Beverly M. Klecker The Impact of Formative Feedback on Student Learning in an Online Classroom. , 2007 .

[38]  Akihito Kamata,et al.  Factors Influencing Student Satisfaction with Online Courses , 2000 .

[39]  Ron Owston,et al.  Student perceptions and achievement in a university blended learning strategic initiative , 2013, Internet High. Educ..

[40]  Chang Zhu,et al.  Blended learning effectiveness: the relationship between student characteristics, design features and outcomes , 2017, International Journal of Educational Technology in Higher Education.