Digital Rank-And-File: Party Activists' Perceptions and Use of the Internet

Political parties are in a transitional phase. A declining, socially restricted membership, decreasing levels of activism and a shift towards more individualistic modes of political engagement threaten the linkage role that parties have played in modern democracy. The development of the Internet in a period of change has meant that it quickly became intertwined with debates about reviving representative political organisations. Using data from a survey of party activists in the UK (N = 4,770), this article answers questions about the perception and use of new media by party activists, the Internet's potential for members' participation and engagement and the penetration of the Internet in pre-existing political careers. In general, the article asks which role new media are playing in the transition of political parties.

[1]  O. Kirchheimer,et al.  6. The Transformation of the Western European Party Systems , 1966 .

[2]  S. Wolinetz,et al.  The transformation of Western European party systems revisited , 1979 .

[3]  Kay Lawson Political Parties and Linkage: A Comparative Perspective , 1980 .

[4]  J. Lapalombara,et al.  Political Parties: Organization and Power , 1988 .

[5]  Michael X. Delli Carpini,et al.  The Electronic Commonwealth: The Impact of New Media Technologies on Democratic Politics. , 1989 .

[6]  Gary R. Orren,et al.  The Electronic Commonwealth: The Impact of New Media Technologies on Democratic Politics , 1990 .

[7]  R. Katz,et al.  How Parties Organize : Change and Adaptation in Party Organizations in Western Democracies , 1994 .

[8]  Richard S. Katz,et al.  Changing Models of Party Organization and Party Democracy , 1995 .

[9]  Alan Ware,et al.  Political Parties and Party Systems , 1995 .

[10]  P. Whiteley,et al.  True Blues: The Politics of Conservative Party Membership , 1995 .

[11]  Ian Budge,et al.  New Challenge of Direct Democracy , 1996 .

[12]  Rachel Gibson,et al.  U.K. Political Parties and the Internet , 1998 .

[13]  P. Whiteley,et al.  The Dynamics of Party Activism in Britain: A Spiral of Demobilization? , 1998, British Journal of Political Science.

[14]  David Nicholas,et al.  British political parties and their web pages , 1998 .

[15]  Colin F. Smith,et al.  Political parties in the information age: from 'mass party' to leadership organization? , 1998 .

[16]  Bruce Bimber,et al.  The Internet and Political Transformation: Populism, Community, and Accelerated Pluralism , 1998, Polity.

[17]  Rachel Gibson,et al.  Party Democracy Online: UK Parties and New ICTs , 1999 .

[18]  Eric S. Fredin The Web of Politics: The Internet's Impact on the American Political System , 1999 .

[19]  Michael Margolis,et al.  Party Competition on the Internet in the United States and Britain , 1999 .

[20]  Michael Margolis,et al.  Politics as Usual: The Cyberspace `Revolution′ , 2000 .

[21]  M. Wattenberg,et al.  Parties without members? : party organization in a changing electoral environment , 2000 .

[22]  J. Fisher Small kingdoms and crumbling organizations: Examining the variation in constituency party membership and resources , 2000 .

[23]  Karl Löfgren,et al.  Danish political parties and new technology: Interactive parties or new shop windows? , 2000 .

[24]  British party activity in cyberspace: new media, same impact? , 2000 .

[25]  Rachel Gibson,et al.  An outsider's medium? The European elections and UK party competition on the internet , 2000 .

[26]  Robert D. Putnam,et al.  Bowling alone: the collapse and revival of American community , 2000, CSCW '00.

[27]  M. Wattenberg,et al.  Parties without partisans : political change in advanced industrial democracies , 2000 .

[28]  Bruce Bimber Information and Political Engagement in America: The Search for Effects of Information Technology at the Individual Level , 2001 .

[29]  W. Galston Bowling Alone: The Collapse and Revival of American Community , 2001 .

[30]  P. Norris Preaching to the Converted? , 2001 .

[31]  P. Norris Digital Parties: Civic Engagement & Online Democracy , 2001 .

[32]  Mira Sotirovic,et al.  A Virtuous Circle: Political Communications in Postindustrial Societies , 2001 .

[33]  Rachel K. Gibson Campaigning in the UK : The Public Respond ? , 2002 .

[34]  Rachel K. Gibson,et al.  Virtually participating: A survey of online party members , 2002, Inf. Polity.

[35]  Jennifer Stromer-Galley,et al.  Citizen Perceptions of Online Interactivity and Implications for Political Campaign Communication , 2006, J. Comput. Mediat. Commun..

[36]  D. Farrell,et al.  Political parties in advanced industrial democracies , 2002 .

[37]  G. Voerman,et al.  Surfing citizens and floating voters , 2003 .

[38]  Rachel Gibson,et al.  Parties and the Internet:an overview , 2003 .

[39]  R. Gibson,et al.  Election Campaigning on the WWW in the USA and UK , 2003 .

[40]  Wainer Lusoli,et al.  Hunting Protestors: Mobilisation, Participation, and Protest Online in the Countryside Alliance , 2003 .

[41]  F. Millard Political Parties and Party Systems , 2004 .

[42]  Who Visits Political Websites and Why , 2004 .

[43]  H. Ateş,et al.  Public Administration in the Information Age , 2005 .