Part I. Fundamental Aspects: 1. Ontology and the lexicon: a multi-disciplinary perspective Laurent Prevot, Chu-Ren Huang, Nicoletta Calzolari, Aldo Gangemi, Alessandro Lenci and Alessandro Oltramari 2. Formal ontology as interlingua: the SUMO and WordNet linking project and GlobalWordNet Adam Pease and Christiane Fellbaum 3. Interfacing WordNet with DOLCE: towards OntoWordNet Aldo Gangemi, Nicola Guarino, Claudio Masolo and Alessandro Oltramari 4. Reasoning over natural language text by means of FrameNet and ontologies Jan Scheffczyk, Collin F. Baker and Srini Narayanan 5. Synergizing ontologies and the lexicon: a roadmap Alessandro Oltramari, Aldo Gangemi, Chu-Ren Huang, Nicoletta Calzolari, Alessandro Lenci and Laurent Prevot Part II. Discovery and Representation of Conceptual Systems: 6. Experiments of ontology construction with formal concept analysis SuJian Li, Qin Lu and Wenjie Li 7. Ontology, lexicon, and fact repository as leveraged to interpret events of change Marjorie McShane, Sergei Nirenburg and Stephen Beale 8. Hantology: conceptual system discovery based on orthographic convention Ya-Min Chou and Chu-Ren Huang 9. What's in a schema? A formal metamodel for ECG and FrameNet Aldo Gangemi Part III. Interfacing Ontologies and Lexical Resources: 10. Interfacing ontologies and lexical resources Laurent Prevot, Stefano Borgo and Alessandro Oltramari 11. Sinica BOW (Bilingual Ontological WordNet): integration of BilingualWord-Net and SUMO Chu-Ren Huang, Ru-Yng Chang and Hsiang-bin Lee 12. Ontology-based semantic lexicons: mapping between terms and object descriptions Paul Buitelaar 13. Merging global and specialized linguistic ontologies Manuela Speranza and Bernardo Magnini Part IV. Learning and Using Ontological Knowledge: 14. The life cycle of knowledge Alessandro Lenci 15. The omega ontology Andrew Philpot, Eduard Hovy and Patrick Pantel 16. Automatic acquisition of lexico-semantic knowledge for question answering Lonneke van der Plas, Gosse Bouma and Jori Mur 17. Agricultural ontology construction and maintenance in Thai Asanee Kawtrakul and Aurawan Imsombut.