Heat Transfer Model to Predict Human Skin Temperature under Comfort Level by using Bioheat Equation

Thermal comfort is the human subject perceived satisfaction to the environmental condition. The human comfort level is affected by skin temperature. Currently to determine the human skin temperature by using human experiment in a controlled environment. However, the experiment is very rigorous and exhaustive. This study was conducted to predict human skin temperature under comfort level with using the finite element method and the bioheat equation. The bioheat equation is used to predict the initial value of human skin temperature with the influence of the metabolic heat generation and the blood perfusion. It is discovered the skin temperature of the human subject experiment fluctuates. However, the result obtained from the model remains unchanged until the simulation ends. The predicted results from the model were well in agreement with the experimental results with an acceptable error of 1.05%.

[1]  Ling Jiang,et al.  Human skin temperature and thermal responses in asymmetrical cold radiation environments , 2013 .

[2]  Application Bioheat Equation For Heat Transfer Model Of Firefighter’s Burn Injury , 2019 .

[4]  Bjarne W. Olesen,et al.  Introduction to thermal comfort standards and to the proposed new version of EN ISO 7730 , 2002 .

[5]  T. Abe,et al.  Time course for arm and chest muscle thickness changes following bench press training. , 2012, Interventional medicine & applied science.

[6]  新 雅夫,et al.  ASHRAE(American Society of Heating,Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers)大会"国際年"行事に参加して , 1975 .

[7]  T. Nagasaka,et al.  Increased hand blood flow limits other skin vasodilation , 1993 .

[8]  P. O. Fanger,et al.  Thermal comfort: analysis and applications in environmental engineering, , 1972 .

[9]  Ning Pan,et al.  Textiles and Human Skin, Microclimate, Cutaneous Reactions: An Overview , 2006, Cutaneous and ocular toxicology.

[10]  Hui Zhang,et al.  Observations of upper-extremity skin temperature and corresponding overall-body thermal sensations and comfort , 2007 .

[11]  S. Weinbaum,et al.  A new fundamental bioheat equation for muscle tissue--part II: Temperature of SAV vessels. , 2002, Journal of biomechanical engineering.

[12]  N. Ghaddar,et al.  A new transient bioheat model of the human body and its integration to clothing models , 2007 .

[13]  Qingyan Chen,et al.  A two-dimensional model for calculating heat transfer in the human body in a transient and non-uniform thermal environment , 2016 .

[14]  Nisha Charkoudian,et al.  Skin blood flow in adult human thermoregulation: how it works, when it does not, and why. , 2003, Mayo Clinic proceedings.

[15]  X. Ding,et al.  Blood flow fluctuation underneath human forearm skin caused by local thermal stimuli of different fabrics , 2010 .

[16]  A. Abdel-azim.  Fundamentals of Heat and Mass Transfer , 2011 .

[17]  Jurandir Itizo Yanagihara,et al.  A heat transfer model of the human upper limbs , 2012 .

[18]  H. H. Pennes.  Analysis of tissue and arterial blood temperatures in the resting human forearm. , 1948, Journal of applied physiology.

[19]  Charlie Huizenga,et al.  Skin and core temperature response to partial- and whole-body heating and cooling , 2004 .

[20]  David S. Goldstein,et al.  Relative contribution of core and skin temperatures to thermal comfort in humans , 2000 .

[21]  A. P. Gagge,et al.  An Effective Temperature Scale Based on a Simple Model of Human Physiological Regulatiry Response , 1972 .

[22]  Ingvar Holmér,et al.  Personal factors in thermal comfort assessment: clothing properties and metabolic heat production , 2002 .

[23]  Jan A. J. Stolwijk,et al.  Mathematical Model of Thermoregulation , 1970 .

[24]  P. Höppe,et al.  The physiological equivalent temperature – a universal index for the biometeorological assessment of the thermal environment , 1999, International journal of biometeorology.

[25]  Tullie Circle,et al.  AMERICAN SOCIETY OF HEATING, REFRIGERATING AND AIR-CONDITIONING , 2013 .

[26]  D. Lai,et al.  Studies of outdoor thermal comfort in northern China , 2014 .

[27]  D. Soulat,et al.  Study of heat transfer through multilayer protective clothing at low-level thermal radiation , 2015 .

[28]  S. Weinbaum,et al.  A new fundamental bioheat equation for muscle tissue: Part I--Blood perfusion term. , 1997, Journal of biomechanical engineering.

[29]  K. Lomas,et al.  Computer prediction of human thermoregulatory and temperature responses to a wide range of environmental conditions , 2001, International journal of biometeorology.

[30]  George Havenith,et al.  UTCI-Fiala multi-node model of human heat transfer and temperature regulation , 2012, International Journal of Biometeorology.

[31]  T E Cooper,et al.  Correlation of thermal properties of some human tissue with water content. , 1971, Aerospace medicine.