Mesh refinement for shape optimization

The numerical solution of shape optimization problems is considered. The algorithm of successive optimization based on finite element techniques and design sensitivity analysis is applied. Mesh refinement is used to improve the quality of finite element analysis and the computed numerical solution. The norm of the variation of the Lagrange augmented functional with respect to boundary variation (residuals in necessary optimality conditions) is taken as an a posteriori error estimator for optimality conditions and the Zienkiewicz—Zhu error estimator is used to improve the quality of structural analysis. The examples presented show meaningful effects obtained by means of mesh refinement with a new error estimator.