CD8 T Cells Activated in Distinct Lymphoid Organs Differentially Express Adhesion Proteins and Coexpress Multiple Chemokine Receptors

Previous work from this laboratory showed that generation of memory CD8 T cells by different immunization routes correlates with control of tumors growing in distinct sites. We hypothesized that effector CD8 T cell expression of adhesion proteins and chemokine receptors would be influenced by activation in different secondary lymphoid organs. In this report, CD8 T cells were activated by immunization with bone marrow-derived dendritic cells via i.p., i.v., or s.c. routes. Three distinct populations of activated CD8 T cells arise in mesenteric, axillary/brachial, and mediastinal lymph nodes and spleen based on differential expression of α4β7 integrin, E-selectin ligand, and α4β1 integrin, respectively. In contrast, three subsets of CD8 T cells defined by differential expression of P-selectin ligand and chemokine receptors were induced irrespective of activation site. The majority of activated CD8 T cells expressed CXCR3, with one subset additionally expressing P-selectin ligand, and another subset additionally expressing CCR3, CCR4, CCR5, CCR6, and CCR9. In the mesenteric lymph node, a fourth subset expressed CCR9 and CXCR3 in the absence of CCR5. Similar homing receptor profiles were induced in the same sites after localized vaccinia immunization. Homing receptor expression on CD8 T cells activated in vitro was distinct, revealing influences of both dendritic cells and the lymphoid microenvironment. Collectively, these results identify previously undescribed populations of activated CD8 T cells based on adhesion protein expression and coexpression of chemokine receptors that arise after activation in distinct secondary lymphoid organs.