FETD computation of the temperature distribution induced into a human eye by a pulsed laser

In this paper we present the three-dimensional flnite element time domain model of the human eye exposed to pulsed holmium: YAG laser radiation used in thermokeratoplasty procedure. The model is based on the Pennes' bioheat transfer equation and takes into account the focusing action of the lens. The absorption of laser energy inside the eye tissues is modeled using the Lambert-Beer's law. Model takes into account the pulse temporal proflle. The maximum temperature values obtained from steady state and transient analysis are compared against those reported from other papers. Finally, sensitivity analysis of several parameters on the calculated temperature fleld is carried out.

[1]  Gereon Hüttmann,et al.  Temperature dependence of light absorption in water at holmium and thulium laser wavelengths. , 2002, Applied optics.

[2]  S. C. DeMarco,et al.  Computed SAR and Thermal Elevation in a 0 . 25-mm 2-D Model of the Human Eye and Head in Response to an Implanted Retinal Stimulator — Part I : Models and Methods , 2001 .

[3]  H. Stringer,et al.  Shrinkage Temperature of Eye Collagen , 1964, Nature.

[4]  J J Lagendijk,et al.  A mathematical model to calculate temperature distributions in human and rabbit eyes during hyperthermic treatment. , 1982, Physics in medicine and biology.

[5]  O. Fujiwara,et al.  ESTIMATION OF CORE TEMPERATURE ELEVATION IN HUMANS AND ANIMALS FOR WHOLE-BODY AVERAGED SAR , 2009 .

[6]  E. Y. K. Ng,et al.  FEM simulation of the eye structure with bioheat analysis , 2006, Comput. Methods Programs Biomed..

[7]  D. Smerdon Anatomy of the eye and orbit , 2000 .

[8]  L W Carr,et al.  Laser-tissue interactions. , 1995, Optometry clinics : the official publication of the Prentice Society.

[9]  Thermal Modelling Of The Human Eye ExposedTo Infrared Radiation Of 1064 Nm Nd:YAGAnd 2090 Nm Ho:YAG Lasers , 2009 .

[10]  Joe Wiart,et al.  ANALYSIS OF THE TEMPERATURE INCREASE LINKED TO THE POWER INDUCED BY RF SOURCE , 2005 .

[11]  M A Mainster,et al.  Ophthalmic applications of infrared lasers -- thermal considerations. , 1979, Investigative ophthalmology & visual science.

[12]  Nolan E. Hertel,et al.  Introduction to Health Physics, 4th edition , 2009 .

[13]  J. A. Scott,et al.  A finite element model of heat transport in the human eye. , 1988, Physics in medicine and biology.

[14]  Qiushi Ren,et al.  Therapeutic and diagnostic application of lasers in ophthalmology , 1992, Proc. IEEE.

[15]  Dragan Poljak,et al.  3D FEM temperature distribution analysis of the human eye exposed to laser radiation , 2010 .

[16]  John D. Gould,et al.  Effects of lasers on the human eye , 1968 .

[17]  Yuwen Zhang,et al.  Simulation of Laser-Induced Thermotherapy Using a Dual-Reciprocity Boundary Element Model With Dynamic Tissue Properties , 2010, IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering.

[18]  H. H. Pennes Analysis of tissue and arterial blood temperatures in the resting human forearm. 1948. , 1948, Journal of applied physiology.

[19]  Fabrice Manns,et al.  Semianalytical thermal model for subablative laser heating of homogeneous nonperfused biological tissue: application to laser thermokeratoplasty. , 2003, Journal of biomedical optics.

[20]  Siaw Kiang Chou,et al.  On the study of the temperature distribution within a human eye subjected to a laser source , 2005 .

[21]  F. Träger Springer Handbook of Lasers and Optics , 2007 .

[22]  A. Peratta,et al.  Thermal modelling of the human eye exposed to laser radiation , 2008, 2008 16th International Conference on Software, Telecommunications and Computer Networks.

[23]  E. Amara,et al.  Numerical investigations on thermal effects of laser-ocular media interaction , 1995 .

[24]  M. J. González-Morales,et al.  Plane Wave Spectrum of 2D Complex Beams , 2009 .

[25]  E. Y. K. Ng,et al.  Ocular surface temperature: A 3D FEM prediction using bioheat equation , 2007, Comput. Biol. Medicine.

[26]  K. Jha,et al.  Three-dimensional bio-heat transfer simulation of sequential and simultaneous retinal laser irradiation , 2011 .

[27]  Arunn Narasimhan,et al.  Transient simulations of heat transfer in human eye undergoing laser surgery , 2010 .

[28]  Ralf Brinkmann,et al.  Corneal collagen denaturation in laser thermokeratoplasty , 1996, Photonics West.

[29]  E. Y. K. Ng,et al.  A boundary element model for investigating the effects of eye tumor on the temperature distribution inside the human eye , 2009, Comput. Biol. Medicine.

[30]  U. Rajendra Acharya,et al.  A comparative study between the two-dimensional and three-dimensional human eye models , 2008, Math. Comput. Model..

[31]  E. Y. K. Ng,et al.  Bioheat transfer in the human eye : a boundary element approach , 2006 .

[32]  S. K. Stephenson Introduction to Health Physics , 1969 .

[33]  J. A. Scott The computation of temperature rises in the human eye induced by infrared radiation. , 1988, Physics in medicine and biology.

[34]  James C. Lin,et al.  Microwave Induced Temperature Rises in Rabbit Eyes in Cataract Research , 1975 .

[35]  The boundary element electromagnetic–thermal analysis of human exposure to base station antennas radiation , 2004 .

[36]  E. Y. K. Ng,et al.  A boundary element model of the human eye undergoing laser thermokeratoplasty , 2008, Comput. Biol. Medicine.

[37]  M. J. González-Morales,et al.  3d Complex Beams in the Spatial and the Spectral Domains , 2010 .

[38]  J. Krauss,et al.  Laser interactions with the cornea. , 1986, Survey of ophthalmology.

[39]  Ashley J. Welch,et al.  Temperature Dependence of the Absorption Coefficient of Water for M idinf rared Laser Radiation , 2005 .

[40]  A. Taflove,et al.  Computation of the Electromagnetic Fields and Induced Temperatures Within a Model of the Microwave-Irradiated Human Eye , 1975 .

[41]  Salomon Esquenazi,et al.  Surgical correction of hyperopia. , 2006, Survey of ophthalmology.

[42]  G. I. Zheltov,et al.  Photodestructive effect of IR laser radiation on the cornea , 2007 .