Une nouvelle approche pour caractériser les prairies naturelles et leur valeur d'usage

La vegetation des prairies naturelles peut etre decrite de maniere simple par la constitution de groupes d’especes ayant des fonctions similaires et partageant des caracteristiques biologiques (traits) communes. Ces groupes fonctionnels sont qualifies de reponse ou d’effet selon qu’ils sont etablis en fonction de la reponse des especes aux variations de facteurs du milieu ou de leur effet sur le fonctionnement de l’ecosysteme prairial. Des traits foliaires (surface specifique, teneur en matiere seche et duree de vie) permettent de definir les types fonctionnels dominants d'une prairie, de la classer selon des gradients de fertilite ou d’utilisation et de definir sa valeur d’usage agricole et/ou environnementale. Les principes et l’adaptation de la demarche aux cas des vegetations complexes et fortement anthropisees sont presentes et discutes.

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