Differentiation of effector CD4 T cell populations (*).

CD4 T cells play critical roles in mediating adaptive immunity to a variety of pathogens. They are also involved in autoimmunity, asthma, and allergic responses as well as in tumor immunity. During TCR activation in a particular cytokine milieu, naive CD4 T cells may differentiate into one of several lineages of T helper (Th) cells, including Th1, Th2, Th17, and iTreg, as defined by their pattern of cytokine production and function. In this review, we summarize the discovery, functions, and relationships among Th cells; the cytokine and signaling requirements for their development; the networks of transcription factors involved in their differentiation; the epigenetic regulation of their key cytokines and transcription factors; and human diseases involving defective CD4 T cell differentiation.

[1]  P. Schwartzberg,et al.  Differential expression of IL-17A and IL-17F is coupled to TCR signaling via Itk-mediated regulation of NFATc1 (139.4) , 2010, Journal of Immunology.

[2]  鬼頭 昭彦 Indispensable role of the Runx1-Cbfβ transcription complex for in vivo-suppressive function of FoxP3[+] regulatory T cells , 2010 .

[3]  C. Akdis,et al.  Transcription factors RUNX1 and RUNX3 in the induction and suppressive function of Foxp3+ inducible regulatory T cells , 2009, The Journal of experimental medicine.

[4]  Y. Wang,et al.  Dec2 Promotes Th2 Cell Differentiation by Enhancing IL-2R Signaling1 , 2009, The Journal of Immunology.

[5]  A. Rudensky,et al.  CD4+ Regulatory T Cells Control TH17 Responses in a Stat3-Dependent Manner , 2009, Science.

[6]  A. Rudensky,et al.  Runx-CBFβ complexes control expression of the transcription factor Foxp3 in regulatory T cells , 2009, Nature Immunology.

[7]  A. Fisher,et al.  Runx proteins regulate Foxp3 expression , 2009, The Journal of experimental medicine.

[8]  T. Nomura,et al.  Indispensable role of the Runx1-Cbfbeta transcription complex for in vivo-suppressive function of FoxP3+ regulatory T cells. , 2009, Immunity.

[9]  R. Sandstrom,et al.  CCCTC-binding factor and the transcription factor T-bet orchestrate T helper 1 cell-specific structure and function at the interferon-gamma locus. , 2009, Immunity.

[10]  P. Schwartzberg,et al.  Differential expression of interleukin-17A and -17F is coupled to T cell receptor signaling via inducible T cell kinase. , 2009, Immunity.

[11]  R. Nurieva,et al.  Requirement for the basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor Dec2 in initial TH2 lineage commitment , 2009, Nature Immunology.

[12]  C. Mackay,et al.  The transcriptional repressor Bcl-6 directs T follicular helper cell lineage commitment. , 2009, Immunity.

[13]  J. Bluestone,et al.  Instability of the transcription factor Foxp3 leads to the generation of pathogenic memory T cells in vivo , 2009, Nature Immunology.

[14]  Michael C. Ostrowski,et al.  Eos Mediates Foxp3-Dependent Gene Silencing in CD4+ Regulatory T Cells , 2009, Science.

[15]  Burton E. Barnett,et al.  Bcl6 and Blimp-1 Are Reciprocal and Antagonistic Regulators of T Follicular Helper Cell Differentiation , 2009, Science.

[16]  R. Nurieva,et al.  Bcl6 Mediates the Development of T Follicular Helper Cells , 2009, Science.

[17]  K. Zhao,et al.  IL-1 family members and STAT activators induce cytokine production by Th2, Th17, and Th1 cells , 2009, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.

[18]  P. Stanley,et al.  Regulation of Notch signaling during T‐ and B‐cell development by O‐fucose glycans , 2009, Immunological reviews.

[19]  S. Kunkel,et al.  Regulation of T Cell Activation by Notch Ligand, DLL4, Promotes IL-17 Production and Rorc Activation , 2009, Journal of Immunology.

[20]  L. Bradley Faculty Opinions recommendation of The transcription factor T-bet controls regulatory T cell homeostasis and function during type 1 inflammation. , 2009 .

[21]  Andreas Radbruch,et al.  Professional memory CD4+ T lymphocytes preferentially reside and rest in the bone marrow. , 2009, Immunity.

[22]  Gary D. Stormo,et al.  The AP-1 transcription factor Batf controls TH17 differentiation , 2009, Nature.

[23]  Irah L. King,et al.  T follicular helper cells differentiate from Th2 cells in response to helminth antigens , 2009, The Journal of experimental medicine.

[24]  Irah L. King,et al.  IL-4–producing CD4+ T cells in reactive lymph nodes during helminth infection are T follicular helper cells , 2009, The Journal of experimental medicine.

[25]  W. Paul,et al.  IL-1 acts directly on CD4 T cells to enhance their antigen-driven expansion and differentiation , 2009, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.

[26]  R. Nurieva,et al.  Critical regulation of early Th17 cell differentiation by interleukin-1 signaling. , 2009, Immunity.

[27]  Raphael Kopan,et al.  The Canonical Notch Signaling Pathway: Unfolding the Activation Mechanism , 2009, Cell.

[28]  Wei Wang,et al.  piggyBac transposition reprograms fibroblasts to induced pluripotent stem cells , 2009, Nature.

[29]  Y. Belkaid,et al.  Regulatory T cells in the control of host-microorganism interactions (*). , 2009, Annual review of immunology.

[30]  Thomas Korn,et al.  IL-17 and Th17 Cells. , 2009, Annual review of immunology.

[31]  Seth L Masters,et al.  Horror autoinflammaticus: the molecular pathophysiology of autoinflammatory disease (*). , 2009, Annual review of immunology.

[32]  A. Rudensky,et al.  Regulatory T-cell suppressor program co-opts transcription factor IRF4 to control TH2 responses , 2009, Nature.

[33]  Keiichiro Suzuki,et al.  Preferential Generation of Follicular B Helper T Cells from Foxp3+ T Cells in Gut Peyer's Patches , 2009, Science.

[34]  R. Locksley,et al.  Cytokine-secreting follicular T cells shape the antibody repertoire , 2009, Nature Immunology.

[35]  Dustin E. Schones,et al.  Down-regulation of Gfi-1 expression by TGF-β is important for differentiation of Th17 and CD103+ inducible regulatory T cells , 2009, The Journal of experimental medicine.

[36]  V. Kuchroo,et al.  The costimulatory molecule ICOS regulates the expression of c-Maf and IL-21 in the development of follicular T helper cells and TH-17 cells , 2009, Nature Immunology.

[37]  Christopher B Wilson,et al.  Epigenetic control of T-helper-cell differentiation , 2009, Nature Reviews Immunology.

[38]  S. Pai,et al.  GATA3 and the T-cell lineage: essential functions before and after T-helper-2-cell differentiation , 2009, Nature Reviews Immunology.

[39]  A. Rao,et al.  Runx3 and T-box proteins cooperate to establish the transcriptional program of effector CTLs , 2009, The Journal of experimental medicine.

[40]  Yuka Kanno,et al.  Global mapping of H3K4me3 and H3K27me3 reveals specificity and plasticity in lineage fate determination of differentiating CD4+ T cells. , 2009, Immunity.

[41]  C. Elson,et al.  Late developmental plasticity in the T helper 17 lineage. , 2009, Immunity.

[42]  Hana Lee,et al.  Foxp3-dependent microRNA155 confers competitive fitness to regulatory T cells by targeting SOCS1 protein. , 2009, Immunity.

[43]  C. Tato,et al.  Lymphoid tissue inducer–like cells are an innate source of IL-17 and IL-22 , 2009, The Journal of experimental medicine.

[44]  M. Veldhoen,et al.  Natural agonists for aryl hydrocarbon receptor in culture medium are essential for optimal differentiation of Th17 T cells , 2009, The Journal of experimental medicine.

[45]  S. Winandy,et al.  Cutting Edge: Ikaros Is a Regulator of Th2 Cell Differentiation1 , 2009, The Journal of Immunology.

[46]  V. Kuchroo,et al.  IL-4 inhibits TGF-β-induced Foxp3+ T cells and, together with TGF-β, generates IL-9+ IL-10+ Foxp3− effector T cells , 2008, Nature Immunology.

[47]  Christoph Wilhelm,et al.  Transforming growth factor-β 'reprograms' the differentiation of T helper 2 cells and promotes an interleukin 9–producing subset , 2008, Nature Immunology.

[48]  I. Lossos,et al.  PTP1B is a negative regulator of interleukin 4-induced STAT6 signaling. , 2008, Blood.

[49]  M. Kaplan,et al.  Signal transducer and activator of transcription 4 is required for the transcription factor T-bet to promote T helper 1 cell-fate determination. , 2008, Immunity.

[50]  Albert C. Huang,et al.  Coordinated but physically separable interaction with H3K27-demethylase and H3K4-methyltransferase activities are required for T-box protein-mediated activation of developmental gene expression. , 2008, Genes & development.

[51]  A. Sher,et al.  Selective Expression Rather than Specific Function of Txk and Itk Regulate Th1 and Th2 Responses1 , 2008, The Journal of Immunology.

[52]  M. Tremblay,et al.  Redox regulation of interleukin-4 signaling. , 2008, Immunity.

[53]  R. Locksley,et al.  Normal Development and Activation but Altered Cytokine Production of Fyn-Deficient CD4+ T Cells1 , 2008, The Journal of Immunology.

[54]  J. Hu‐Li,et al.  Blimp-1 Induced by IL-4 Plays a Critical Role in Suppressing IL-2 Production in Activated CD4 T Cells1 , 2008, The Journal of Immunology.

[55]  Warren Strober,et al.  Interactions among the transcription factors Runx1, RORγt and Foxp3 regulate the differentiation of interleukin 17–producing T cells , 2008, Nature Immunology.

[56]  Dustin E. Schones,et al.  Priming for T helper type 2 differentiation by interleukin 2-mediated induction of IL-4 receptor α chain expression , 2008, Nature Immunology.

[57]  T. Golde,et al.  Notch1 and TGFbeta1 cooperatively regulate Foxp3 expression and the maintenance of peripheral regulatory T cells. , 2008, Blood.

[58]  W. Paul,et al.  CD4 T cells: fates, functions, and faults. , 2008, Blood.

[59]  Joanna M. Roberts,et al.  In vivo studies fail to reveal a role for IL-4 or STAT6 signaling in Th2 lymphocyte differentiation , 2008, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.

[60]  K. Calame,et al.  Blimp-1 Attenuates Th1 Differentiation by Repression of ifng, tbx21, and bcl6 Gene Expression , 2008, The Journal of Immunology.

[61]  Ryan M. O’Connell,et al.  MicroRNAs: new regulators of immune cell development and function , 2008, Nature Immunology.

[62]  K. Murphy,et al.  Notch and Presenilin Regulate Cellular Expansion and Cytokine Secretion but Cannot Instruct Th1/Th2 Fate Acquisition , 2008, PloS one.

[63]  C. Mackay,et al.  A fundamental role for interleukin-21 in the generation of T follicular helper cells. , 2008, Immunity.

[64]  D. Hwang,et al.  Generation of T follicular helper cells is mediated by interleukin-21 but independent of T helper 1, 2, or 17 cell lineages. , 2008, Immunity.

[65]  Chen Dong,et al.  Molecular antagonism and plasticity of regulatory and inflammatory T cell programs. , 2008, Immunity.

[66]  E. Wherry,et al.  Anomalous Type 17 Response to Viral Infection by CD8+ T Cells Lacking T-bet and Eomesodermin , 2008, Science.

[67]  A. Fischer,et al.  Mutations in STAT3 and IL12RB1 impair the development of human IL-17–producing T cells , 2008, The Journal of experimental medicine.

[68]  L. Berg,et al.  Janus-kinase-3-dependent signals induce chromatin remodeling at the Ifng locus during T helper 1 cell differentiation. , 2008, Immunity.

[69]  A. Kulkarni,et al.  A critical function for TGF-β signaling in the development of natural CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ regulatory T cells , 2008, Nature Immunology.

[70]  Yuelei Shen,et al.  TGF-β-induced Foxp3 inhibits TH17 cell differentiation by antagonizing RORγt function , 2008, Nature.

[71]  J. Buer,et al.  The aryl hydrocarbon receptor links TH17-cell-mediated autoimmunity to environmental toxins , 2008, Nature.

[72]  K. Calame,et al.  Regulation and functions of Blimp-1 in T and B lymphocytes. , 2008, Annual review of immunology.

[73]  C. Mackay,et al.  T follicular helper (TFH) cells in normal and dysregulated immune responses. , 2008, Annual review of immunology.

[74]  Dustin E. Schones,et al.  Dynamic Regulation of Nucleosome Positioning in the Human Genome , 2008, Cell.

[75]  P. L. Poliani,et al.  Of Omenn and mice. , 2008, Trends in immunology.

[76]  C. Elly,et al.  The E3 ubiquitin ligase Itch regulates expression of transcription factor Foxp3 and airway inflammation by enhancing the function of transcription factor TIEG1 , 2008, Nature Immunology.

[77]  S. Khader,et al.  IL-23 and IL-17 in tuberculosis. , 2008, Cytokine.

[78]  E. Pearce,et al.  Suppression of Th2 Cell Development by Notch Ligands Delta1 and Delta41 , 2008, The Journal of Immunology.

[79]  K. Furuuchi,et al.  Smad3 and NFAT cooperate to induce Foxp3 expression through its enhancer , 2008, Nature Immunology.

[80]  Z. Weng,et al.  High-Resolution Mapping and Characterization of Open Chromatin across the Genome , 2008, Cell.

[81]  Chen Dong,et al.  T helper 17 lineage differentiation is programmed by orphan nuclear receptors ROR alpha and ROR gamma. , 2008, Immunity.

[82]  M. Farrar,et al.  Linked T cell receptor and cytokine signaling govern the development of the regulatory T cell repertoire. , 2008, Immunity.

[83]  K. Honda,et al.  The contribution of transcription factor IRF1 to the interferon-γ–interleukin 12 signaling axis and TH1 versus TH-17 differentiation of CD4+ T cells , 2008, Nature Immunology.

[84]  T. Golde,et al.  Notch 1 and TGF 1 cooperatively regulate Foxp 3 expression and the maintenance of peripheral regulatory T cells , 2008 .

[85]  İ. Reisli,et al.  Clinical heterogeneity can hamper the diagnosis of patients with ZAP70 deficiency , 2008, European Journal of Pediatrics.

[86]  I. Lossos,et al.  PTP 1 B is a negative regulator of interleukin 4 – induced STAT 6 signaling , 2008 .

[87]  Lai Wei,et al.  IL-21 Is Produced by Th17 Cells and Drives IL-17 Production in a STAT3-dependent Manner* , 2007, Journal of Biological Chemistry.

[88]  Bodo Grimbacher,et al.  STAT3 mutations in the hyper-IgE syndrome. , 2007, The New England journal of medicine.

[89]  D. Glass,et al.  Autoantigen-Specific TGFβ-Induced Foxp3+ Regulatory T Cells Prevent Autoimmunity by Inhibiting Dendritic Cells from Activating Autoreactive T Cells1 , 2007, The Journal of Immunology.

[90]  Hua Yu,et al.  Cutting Edge: An In Vivo Requirement for STAT3 Signaling in TH17 Development and TH17-Dependent Autoimmunity1 , 2007, The Journal of Immunology.

[91]  M. Busslinger,et al.  Conversion of mature B cells into T cells by dedifferentiation to uncommitted progenitors , 2007, Nature.

[92]  D. Levy,et al.  IL-6 programs TH-17 cell differentiation by promoting sequential engagement of the IL-21 and IL-23 pathways , 2007, Nature Immunology.

[93]  T. Mak,et al.  The development of inflammatory TH-17 cells requires interferon-regulatory factor 4 , 2007, Nature Immunology.

[94]  H. Takada,et al.  Dominant-negative mutations in the DNA-binding domain of STAT3 cause hyper-IgE syndrome , 2007, Nature.

[95]  E. Wherry,et al.  Requirement for T-bet in the aberrant differentiation of unhelped memory CD8+ T cells , 2007, The Journal of experimental medicine.

[96]  Nikhil S. Joshi,et al.  Inflammation directs memory precursor and short-lived effector CD8(+) T cell fates via the graded expression of T-bet transcription factor. , 2007, Immunity.

[97]  D. Littman,et al.  Repression of interleukin-4 in T helper type 1 cells by Runx/Cbfβ binding to the Il4 silencer , 2007, The Journal of experimental medicine.

[98]  R. E. Tillman,et al.  The role of the Runx transcription factors in thymocyte differentiation and in homeostasis of naive T cells , 2007, The Journal of experimental medicine.

[99]  S. Blacklow,et al.  Notch directly regulates Gata3 expression during T helper 2 cell differentiation. , 2007, Immunity.

[100]  A. Sher,et al.  Direct regulation of Gata3 expression determines the T helper differentiation potential of Notch. , 2007, Immunity.

[101]  A. D. Panopoulos,et al.  Essential autocrine regulation by IL-21 in the generation of inflammatory T cells , 2007, Nature.

[102]  Terry B. Strom,et al.  IL-21 initiates an alternative pathway to induce proinflammatory TH17 cells , 2007, Nature.

[103]  E. Shevach,et al.  Induction of FOXP3 expression in naive human CD4+FOXP3 T cells by T-cell receptor stimulation is transforming growth factor-beta dependent but does not confer a regulatory phenotype. , 2007, Blood.

[104]  M. Nussenzweig,et al.  CD8− DCs induce IL-12–independent Th1 differentiation through Delta 4 Notch-like ligand in response to bacterial LPS , 2007, The Journal of experimental medicine.

[105]  Michael O Dorschner,et al.  Comprehensive epigenetic profiling identifies multiple distal regulatory elements directing transcription of the gene encoding interferon-γ , 2007, Nature Immunology.

[106]  Mario Roederer,et al.  Multifunctional TH1 cells define a correlate of vaccine-mediated protection against Leishmania major , 2007, Nature Medicine.

[107]  W. Strober,et al.  Cutting Edge: Regulatory T Cells Induce CD4+CD25−Foxp3− T Cells or Are Self-Induced to Become Th17 Cells in the Absence of Exogenous TGF-β , 2007, The Journal of Immunology.

[108]  R. Nussenblatt,et al.  TH17 cells contribute to uveitis and scleritis and are expanded by IL-2 and inhibited by IL-27/STAT1 , 2007, Nature Medicine.

[109]  A. O’Garra,et al.  TH1 cells control themselves by producing interleukin-10 , 2007, Nature Reviews Immunology.

[110]  Y. Wan,et al.  T cell-produced transforming growth factor-beta1 controls T cell tolerance and regulates Th1- and Th17-cell differentiation. , 2007, Immunity.

[111]  Dustin E. Schones,et al.  High-Resolution Profiling of Histone Methylations in the Human Genome , 2007, Cell.

[112]  L. Hennighausen,et al.  Nonredundant roles for Stat5a/b in directly regulating Foxp3. , 2007, Blood.

[113]  L. Notarangelo,et al.  A hypomorphic R229Q Rag2 mouse mutant recapitulates human Omenn syndrome. , 2007, The Journal of clinical investigation.

[114]  L. Glimcher Trawling for treasure: tales of T-bet , 2007, Nature Immunology.

[115]  P. Marrack,et al.  Homeostatically proliferating CD4 T cells are involved in the pathogenesis of an Omenn syndrome murine model. , 2007, The Journal of clinical investigation.

[116]  Anton J. Enright,et al.  Requirement of bic/microRNA-155 for Normal Immune Function , 2007, Science.

[117]  N. Rajewsky,et al.  Regulation of the Germinal Center Response by MicroRNA-155 , 2007, Science.

[118]  D. G. Zisoulis,et al.  Stat3 and Stat4 Direct Development of IL-17-Secreting Th Cells1 , 2007, The Journal of Immunology.

[119]  T. Nomura,et al.  Foxp3 controls regulatory T-cell function by interacting with AML1/Runx1 , 2007, Nature.

[120]  E. Shevach,et al.  Cutting Edge: IL-2 Is Essential for TGF-β-Mediated Induction of Foxp3+ T Regulatory Cells , 2007, The Journal of Immunology.

[121]  E. Bettelli,et al.  Ets-1 is a negative regulator of Th17 differentiation , 2007, The Journal of experimental medicine.

[122]  Chen Dong,et al.  STAT3 Regulates Cytokine-mediated Generation of Inflammatory Helper T Cells* , 2007, Journal of Biological Chemistry.

[123]  L. Hennighausen,et al.  Interleukin-2 signaling via STAT5 constrains T helper 17 cell generation. , 2007, Immunity.

[124]  Xuexian O Yang,et al.  Chromatin Remodeling of Interleukin-17 (IL-17)-IL-17F Cytokine Gene Locus during Inflammatory Helper T Cell Differentiation* , 2007, Journal of Biological Chemistry.

[125]  A. Rudensky,et al.  Maintenance of the Foxp3-dependent developmental program in mature regulatory T cells requires continued expression of Foxp3 , 2007, Nature Immunology.

[126]  Y. Wan,et al.  Regulatory T-cell functions are subverted and converted owing to attenuated Foxp3 expression , 2007, Nature.

[127]  A. Caudy,et al.  CD25 deficiency causes an immune dysregulation, polyendocrinopathy, enteropathy, X-linked-like syndrome, and defective IL-10 expression from CD4 lymphocytes. , 2007, The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology.

[128]  Anjana Rao,et al.  Transcription factors T-bet and Runx3 cooperate to activate Ifng and silence Il4 in T helper type 1 cells , 2007, Nature Immunology.

[129]  Edgar Schmitt,et al.  Epigenetic Control of the foxp3 Locus in Regulatory T Cells , 2007, PLoS biology.

[130]  W. Paul,et al.  Lymphopenic mice reconstituted with limited repertoire T cells develop severe, multiorgan, Th2-associated inflammatory disease , 2007, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.

[131]  M. Farrar,et al.  IL-2 Receptor β-Dependent STAT5 Activation Is Required for the Development of Foxp3+ Regulatory T Cells1 , 2007, The Journal of Immunology.

[132]  J. Casanova,et al.  Inborn errors of IL-12/23- and IFN-γ-mediated immunity: molecular, cellular, and clinical features , 2006 .

[133]  Dragana Jankovic,et al.  Gfi-1 plays an important role in IL-2-mediated Th2 cell expansion , 2006, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.

[134]  G. Besra,et al.  GATA-3 Regulates the Development and Function of Invariant NKT Cells1 , 2006, The Journal of Immunology.

[135]  R. D. Hatton,et al.  A distal conserved sequence element controls Ifng gene expression by T cells and NK cells. , 2006, Immunity.

[136]  F. J. Livesey,et al.  A role for Dicer in immune regulation , 2006, The Journal of experimental medicine.

[137]  M. Klemsz,et al.  53 PU.1 Expression Delineates Heterogeneity in Primary Th2 Cells , 2006, Pediatric Research.

[138]  D. Littman,et al.  The Orphan Nuclear Receptor RORγt Directs the Differentiation Program of Proinflammatory IL-17+ T Helper Cells , 2006, Cell.

[139]  M. Grusby,et al.  IL-21 Inhibits IFN-γ Production in Developing Th1 Cells through the Repression of Eomesodermin Expression1 , 2006, The Journal of Immunology.

[140]  R. Flavell,et al.  Transforming Growth Factor-β Controls Development, Homeostasis, and Tolerance of T Cells by Regulatory T Cell-Dependent and -Independent Mechanisms , 2006 .

[141]  A. Rudensky,et al.  Cellular mechanisms of fatal early-onset autoimmunity in mice with the T cell-specific targeting of transforming growth factor-beta receptor. , 2006, Immunity.

[142]  S. Yamanaka,et al.  Induction of Pluripotent Stem Cells from Mouse Embryonic and Adult Fibroblast Cultures by Defined Factors , 2006, Cell.

[143]  J. Stroud,et al.  FOXP3 Controls Regulatory T Cell Function through Cooperation with NFAT , 2006, Cell.

[144]  L. Hennighausen,et al.  Selective regulatory function of Socs3 in the formation of IL-17-secreting T cells. , 2006, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[145]  H. Weiner,et al.  Reciprocal developmental pathways for the generation of pathogenic effector TH17 and regulatory T cells , 2006, Nature.

[146]  H. Hosokawa,et al.  Crucial role of MLL for the maintenance of memory T helper type 2 cell responses. , 2006, Immunity.

[147]  R. D. Hatton,et al.  Transforming growth factor-β induces development of the TH17 lineage , 2006, Nature.

[148]  R. Flavell,et al.  T helper cell differentiation: regulation by cis elements and epigenetics. , 2006, Immunity.

[149]  Bogdan Tanasa,et al.  Regulation of Th2 differentiation and Il4 locus accessibility. , 2006, Annual review of immunology.

[150]  Yuka Kanno,et al.  T-bet regulates Th1 responses through essential effects on GATA-3 function rather than on IFNG gene acetylation and transcription , 2006, The Journal of experimental medicine.

[151]  G. Sonenshein,et al.  Notch1 augments NF‐κB activity by facilitating its nuclear retention , 2006 .

[152]  W. Paul,et al.  GATA-3 promotes Th2 responses through three different mechanisms: induction of Th2 cytokine production, selective growth of Th2 cells and inhibition of Th1 cell-specific factors , 2006, Cell Research.

[153]  E. Wherry,et al.  Effector and memory CD8+ T cell fate coupled by T-bet and eomesodermin , 2005, Nature Immunology.

[154]  Ying Wang,et al.  A distinct lineage of CD4 T cells regulates tissue inflammation by producing interleukin 17 , 2005, Nature Immunology.

[155]  R. D. Hatton,et al.  Interleukin 17–producing CD4+ effector T cells develop via a lineage distinct from the T helper type 1 and 2 lineages , 2005, Nature Immunology.

[156]  W. Pear,et al.  Notch signaling is an important regulator of type 2 immunity , 2005, The Journal of experimental medicine.

[157]  W. Paul,et al.  Independent roles for IL-2 and GATA-3 in stimulating naive CD4+ T cells to generate a Th2-inducing cytokine environment , 2005, The Journal of experimental medicine.

[158]  J. Martens,et al.  EZH2 and Histone 3 Trimethyl Lysine 27 Associated with Il4 and Il13 Gene Silencing in TH1 Cells* , 2005, Journal of Biological Chemistry.

[159]  Masato Ogata,et al.  Ras-ERK MAPK Cascade Regulates GATA3 Stability and Th2 Differentiation through Ubiquitin-Proteasome Pathway* , 2005, Journal of Biological Chemistry.

[160]  M. Boothby,et al.  Opposing Roles for RelB and Bcl-3 in Regulation of T-Box Expressed in T Cells, GATA-3, and Th Effector Differentiation 1 , 2005, The Journal of Immunology.

[161]  K. Rajewsky,et al.  Aberrant T cell differentiation in the absence of Dicer , 2005, The Journal of experimental medicine.

[162]  W. Paul,et al.  Probabilistic regulation in TH2 cells accounts for monoallelic expression of IL-4 and IL-13. , 2005, Immunity.

[163]  M. Klemsz,et al.  PU.1 expression delineates heterogeneity in primary Th2 cells. , 2005 .

[164]  M. Zasloff,et al.  The nervous system and innate immunity: the neuropeptide connection. , 2005, Nature immunology.

[165]  F. Macian,et al.  NFAT proteins: key regulators of T-cell development and function , 2005, Nature Reviews Immunology.

[166]  Matthias Merkenschlager,et al.  T cell lineage choice and differentiation in the absence of the RNase III enzyme Dicer , 2005, The Journal of experimental medicine.

[167]  M. Kubo,et al.  Stat5a Inhibits IL-12-Induced Th1 Cell Differentiation through the Induction of Suppressor of Cytokine Signaling 3 Expression1 , 2005, The Journal of Immunology.

[168]  Pamela L. Schwartzberg,et al.  TEC-family kinases: regulators of T-helper-cell differentiation , 2005, Nature Reviews Immunology.

[169]  I. Ho,et al.  Ets-1, a functional cofactor of T-bet, is essential for Th1 inflammatory responses , 2005, The Journal of experimental medicine.

[170]  B. Blom,et al.  STAT5 regulates the self-renewal capacity and differentiation of human memory B cells and controls Bcl-6 expression , 2005, Nature Immunology.

[171]  Z. Duan,et al.  Gfi-1 takes center stage in hematopoietic stem cells. , 2005, Trends in molecular medicine.

[172]  Pamela L. Schwartzberg,et al.  T Helper Cell Fate Specified by Kinase-Mediated Interaction of T-bet with GATA-3 , 2005, Science.

[173]  T. Golde,et al.  Inhibitors of γ-secretase block in vivo and in vitro T helper type 1 polarization by preventing Notch upregulation of Tbx21 , 2005, Nature Immunology.

[174]  R. Flavell,et al.  Hypersensitive site 7 of the TH2 locus control region is essential for expressing TH2 cytokine genes and for long-range intrachromosomal interactions , 2005, Nature Immunology.

[175]  F. Alt,et al.  Deletion of a conserved Il4 silencer impairs T helper type 1–mediated immunity , 2004, Nature Immunology.

[176]  A. Rao,et al.  Molecular analysis of a locus control region in the T helper 2 cytokine gene cluster: a target for STAT6 but not GATA3. , 2004, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[177]  Booki Min,et al.  Conditional deletion of Gata3 shows its essential function in TH1-TH2 responses , 2004, Nature Immunology.

[178]  S. Fu,et al.  TGF‐β Induces Foxp3 + T‐Regulatory Cells from CD4 + CD25 − Precursors , 2004, American journal of transplantation : official journal of the American Society of Transplantation and the American Society of Transplant Surgeons.

[179]  W. Paul,et al.  Basophils Produce IL-4 and Accumulate in Tissues after Infection with a Th2-inducing Parasite , 2004, The Journal of experimental medicine.

[180]  Heather M. Wilcox,et al.  Signaling through Itk promotes T helper 2 differentiation via negative regulation of T-bet. , 2004, Immunity.

[181]  C. Mackay,et al.  T Follicular Helper Cells Express a Distinctive Transcriptional Profile, Reflecting Their Role as Non-Th1/Th2 Effector Cells That Provide Help for B Cells1 , 2004, The Journal of Immunology.

[182]  M. Kubo,et al.  IL-4-Induced GATA-3 Expression Is a Time-Restricted Instruction Switch for Th2 Cell Differentiation1 , 2004, The Journal of Immunology.

[183]  Richard A Flavell,et al.  Instruction of Distinct CD4 T Helper Cell Fates by Different Notch Ligands on Antigen-Presenting Cells , 2004, Cell.

[184]  M. Kubo,et al.  Regulation of αβ/γδ T cell lineage commitment and peripheral T cell responses by Notch/RBP-J signaling , 2004 .

[185]  Peter R. Galle,et al.  Cutting Edge: TGF-β Induces a Regulatory Phenotype in CD4+CD25− T Cells through Foxp3 Induction and Down-Regulation of Smad7 , 2004, The Journal of Immunology.

[186]  W. Paul,et al.  Interleukin 2 plays a central role in Th2 differentiation. , 2004, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[187]  D. Voehringer,et al.  Type 2 immunity reflects orchestrated recruitment of cells committed to IL-4 production. , 2004, Immunity.

[188]  G. Hannon,et al.  RNase III enzymes and the initiation of gene silencing , 2004, Nature Structural &Molecular Biology.

[189]  S. Pai,et al.  GATA-3 deficiency abrogates the development and maintenance of T helper type 2 cells , 2004, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[190]  P. Lipsky,et al.  GATA-3 in Human T Cell Helper Type 2 Development , 2004, The Journal of experimental medicine.

[191]  C. Hunter,et al.  STAT1 Plays a Critical Role in the Regulation of Antimicrobial Effector Mechanisms, but Not in the Development of Th1-Type Responses during Toxoplasmosis1 , 2004, The Journal of Immunology.

[192]  A. Rao,et al.  A Distal Enhancer in the Interferon-γ (IFN-γ) Locus Revealed by Genome Sequence Comparison* , 2003, Journal of Biological Chemistry.

[193]  S. Zheng,et al.  Natural and Induced CD4 CD25 Cells Educate CD4 CD25 Cells to Develop Suppressive Activity: The Role of IL-2, TGF- , and IL-10 , 2004 .

[194]  T. Mcclanahan,et al.  Divergent Pro- and Antiinflammatory Roles for IL-23 and IL-12 in Joint Autoimmune Inflammation , 2003, The Journal of experimental medicine.

[195]  Li Li,et al.  Conversion of Peripheral CD4+CD25− Naive T Cells to CD4+CD25+ Regulatory T Cells by TGF-β Induction of Transcription Factor Foxp3 , 2003, The Journal of experimental medicine.

[196]  William M Weaver,et al.  Active recruitment of DNA methyltransferases regulates interleukin 4 in thymocytes and T cells , 2003, Nature Immunology.

[197]  U. Lendahl,et al.  Cross-talk between the Notch and TGF-β signaling pathways mediated by interaction of the Notch intracellular domain with Smad3 , 2003, The Journal of cell biology.

[198]  Hao Shen,et al.  Control of Effector CD8+ T Cell Function by the Transcription Factor Eomesodermin , 2003, Science.

[199]  G. Trinchieri,et al.  The IL-12 family of heterodimeric cytokines: new players in the regulation of T cell responses. , 2003, Immunity.

[200]  W. Paul,et al.  Stat5 activation plays a critical role in Th2 differentiation. , 2003, Immunity.

[201]  H. Hirai,et al.  Delta1-Notch3 interactions bias the functional differentiation of activated CD4+ T cells. , 2003, Immunity.

[202]  T. Golde,et al.  TCR-Mediated Notch Signaling Regulates Proliferation and IFN-γ Production in Peripheral T Cells 1 , 2003, The Journal of Immunology.

[203]  M. Wolfe,et al.  Notch Signaling Augments T Cell Responsiveness by Enhancing CD25 Expression 1 , 2003, The Journal of Immunology.

[204]  R. Flavell,et al.  Regulation of the Th2 cytokine locus by a locus control region. , 2003, Immunity.

[205]  U. Dianzani,et al.  Transcriptional regulation of th2 differentiation by inducible costimulator. , 2003, Immunity.

[206]  A. Rudensky,et al.  Foxp3 programs the development and function of CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells , 2003, Nature Immunology.

[207]  Lisa M. Toney,et al.  Inhibition of Th2 Differentiation and GATA-3 Expression by BCL-6 1 , 2003, The Journal of Immunology.

[208]  J. Brogdon,et al.  Role of TCR-Induced Extracellular Signal-Regulated Kinase Activation in the Regulation of Early IL-4 Expression in Naive CD4+ T Cells1 , 2003, The Journal of Immunology.

[209]  Warren Strober,et al.  GATA-3 suppresses Th1 development by downregulation of Stat4 and not through effects on IL-12Rbeta2 chain or T-bet. , 2003, Immunity.

[210]  R. Kastelein,et al.  Interleukin-23 rather than interleukin-12 is the critical cytokine for autoimmune inflammation of the brain , 2003, Nature.

[211]  A. Gurney,et al.  Interleukin-23 Promotes a Distinct CD4 T Cell Activation State Characterized by the Production of Interleukin-17* , 2003, The Journal of Biological Chemistry.

[212]  T. Nomura,et al.  Control of Regulatory T Cell Development by the Transcription Factor Foxp3 , 2002 .

[213]  G. Nolan,et al.  The bcl-3 Proto-Oncogene Encodes a Nuclear IidB-Like Molecule That Preferentially Interacts with NF-KB p50 and p52 in a Phosphorylation-Dependent Manner , 2003 .

[214]  Masakatsu Yamashita,et al.  Identification of a Conserved GATA3 Response Element Upstream Proximal from the Interleukin-13 Gene Locus* 210 , 2002, The Journal of Biological Chemistry.

[215]  Ian A. White,et al.  An IL-4-independent and CD25-mediated function of c-maf in promoting the production of Th2 cytokines , 2002, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[216]  T. Mak,et al.  Dysregulated T helper cell differentiation in the absence of interferon regulatory factor 4 , 2002, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[217]  W. Paul,et al.  In TH2 cells the Il4 gene has a series of accessibility states associated with distinctive probabilities of IL-4 production , 2002, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[218]  Anjana Rao,et al.  A 3' enhancer in the IL-4 gene regulates cytokine production by Th2 cells and mast cells. , 2002, Immunity.

[219]  A. Bird,et al.  Gene silencing quantitatively controls the function of a developmental trans-activator. , 2002, Molecular cell.

[220]  L. Chodosh,et al.  Hlx is induced by and genetically interacts with T-bet to promote heritable TH1 gene induction , 2002, Nature Immunology.

[221]  E. Serfling,et al.  Induction of NFATc2 Expression by Interleukin 6 Promotes T Helper Type 2 Differentiation , 2002, The Journal of experimental medicine.

[222]  Booki Min,et al.  Growth factor independent-1 induced by IL-4 regulates Th2 cell proliferation. , 2002, Immunity.

[223]  D. Halbert,et al.  T cell activation induces a noncoding RNA transcript sensitive to inhibition by immunosuppressant drugs and encoded by the proto-oncogene, BIC. , 2002, Cellular immunology.

[224]  W. Paul,et al.  IL‐4 secreted from individual naive CD4+ T cells acts in an autocrine manner to induce Th2 differentiation , 2002, European journal of immunology.

[225]  Kim Bottomly,et al.  The Potency of TCR Signaling Differentially Regulates NFATc/p Activity and Early IL-4 Transcription in Naive CD4+ T Cells1 , 2002, The Journal of Immunology.

[226]  L. Glimcher,et al.  Interferon Regulatory Factor 4 (IRF4) Interacts with NFATc2 to Modulate Interleukin 4 Gene Expression , 2002, The Journal of experimental medicine.

[227]  Yuko Takeba,et al.  Txk, a Member of Nonreceptor Tyrosine Kinase of Tec Family, Acts as a Th1 Cell-Specific Transcription Factor and Regulates IFN-γ Gene Transcription1 , 2002, The Journal of Immunology.

[228]  S. Szabo,et al.  Distinct Effects of T-bet in TH1 Lineage Commitment and IFN-γ Production in CD4 and CD8 T Cells , 2002, Science.

[229]  S. Szabo,et al.  Development of Spontaneous Airway Changes Consistent with Human Asthma in Mice Lacking T-bet , 2002, Science.

[230]  Jianfei Yang,et al.  T-bet is a STAT1-induced regulator of IL-12R expression in naïve CD4+ T cells , 2002, Nature Immunology.

[231]  L. Glimcher,et al.  NFATc2 and NFATc3 regulate TH2 differentiation and modulate TCR-responsiveness of naïve TH cells , 2002, Nature Immunology.

[232]  A. Sher,et al.  T-bet is rapidly induced by interferon-γ in lymphoid and myeloid cells , 2001, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[233]  A. Sher,et al.  Mutation of Tec family kinases alters T helper cell differentiation , 2001, Nature Immunology.

[234]  A. Rao,et al.  Regulation of interferon-gamma gene expression by nuclear factor of activated T cells. , 2001, Blood.

[235]  S. Aizawa,et al.  Impairment in the Expression and Activity of Fyn During Differentiation of Naive CD4+ T Cells into the Th2 Subset1 , 2001, The Journal of Immunology.

[236]  Edward M. Rubin,et al.  Deletion of a coordinate regulator of type 2 cytokine expression in mice , 2001, Nature Immunology.

[237]  W. Paul,et al.  Stat6 Is Necessary and Sufficient for IL-4’s Role in Th2 Differentiation and Cell Expansion , 2001, The Journal of Immunology.

[238]  Andrew L. Kung,et al.  Role of T-bet in Commitment of TH1 Cells Before IL-12-Dependent Selection , 2001, Science.

[239]  Kotaro Suzuki,et al.  Stat5a regulates T helper cell differentiation by several distinct mechanisms. , 2001, Blood.

[240]  J. Sedat,et al.  Early transcription and silencing of cytokine genes underlie polarization of T helper cell subsets. , 2001, Immunity.

[241]  W. Ouyang,et al.  IL-18–stimulated GADD45β required in cytokine-induced, but not TCR-induced, IFN-γ production , 2001, Nature Immunology.

[242]  D. Patel,et al.  Escape from tolerance in the human X-linked autoimmunity-allergic disregulation syndrome and the Scurfy mouse. , 2001, The Journal of clinical investigation.

[243]  J. Casanova,et al.  X-linked neonatal diabetes mellitus, enteropathy and endocrinopathy syndrome is the human equivalent of mouse scurfy , 2001, Nature Genetics.

[244]  Prabir Ray,et al.  A critical role for NF-κB in Gata3 expression and TH2 differentiation in allergic airway inflammation , 2001, Nature Immunology.

[245]  H. Ochs,et al.  The immune dysregulation, polyendocrinopathy, enteropathy, X-linked syndrome (IPEX) is caused by mutations of FOXP3 , 2001, Nature Genetics.

[246]  D. Galas,et al.  Disruption of a new forkhead/winged-helix protein, scurfin, results in the fatal lymphoproliferative disorder of the scurfy mouse , 2001, Nature Genetics.

[247]  Federica Sallusto,et al.  Follicular B Helper T Cells Express Cxc Chemokine Receptor 5, Localize to B Cell Follicles, and Support Immunoglobulin Production , 2000, The Journal of experimental medicine.

[248]  C. Schindler,et al.  Immune response in Stat2 knockout mice. , 2000, Immunity.

[249]  J Wagner,et al.  Novel p19 protein engages IL-12p40 to form a cytokine, IL-23, with biological activities similar as well as distinct from IL-12. , 2000, Immunity.

[250]  W. Paul,et al.  Transient Inhibition of Interleukin 4 Signaling by T Cell Receptor Ligation , 2000, The Journal of experimental medicine.

[251]  G. Henkel,et al.  An Intron Transcriptional Enhancer Element Regulates IL-4 Gene Locus Accessibility in Mast Cells1 , 2000, The Journal of Immunology.

[252]  C. Hunter,et al.  Identification of STAT4-Dependent and Independent Mechanisms of Resistance to Toxoplasma gondii1 , 2000, The Journal of Immunology.

[253]  Rajesh V. Thakker,et al.  GATA3 haplo-insufficiency causes human HDR syndrome , 2000, Nature.

[254]  Naoko Arai,et al.  Gata-3 Induces T Helper Cell Type 2 (Th2) Cytokine Expression and Chromatin Remodeling in Committed Th1 Cells , 2000, The Journal of experimental medicine.

[255]  A. Pierani,et al.  Requirement for RORgamma in thymocyte survival and lymphoid organ development. , 2000, Science.

[256]  A. Rao,et al.  Cell-type-restricted binding of the transcription factor NFAT to a distal IL-4 enhancer in vivo. , 2000, Immunity.

[257]  W. Leonard,et al.  The role of Stat5a and Stat5b in signaling by IL-2 family cytokines , 2000, Oncogene.

[258]  J. Galon,et al.  Stat4 Is Expressed in Activated Peripheral Blood Monocytes, Dendritic Cells, and Macrophages at Sites of Th1-Mediated Inflammation1 , 2000, The Journal of Immunology.

[259]  Laurie H Glimcher,et al.  A Novel Transcription Factor, T-bet, Directs Th1 Lineage Commitment , 2000, Cell.

[260]  A. Sher,et al.  Single Cell Analysis Reveals That IL-4 Receptor/Stat6 Signaling Is Not Required for the In Vivo or In Vitro Development of CD4+ Lymphocytes with a Th2 Cytokine Profile , 2000, The Journal of Immunology.

[261]  F. Finkelman,et al.  Stat6 Regulation of In Vivo IL-4 Responses1 , 2000, The Journal of Immunology.

[262]  W. Leonard,et al.  Both stat5a and stat5b are required for antigen-induced eosinophil and T-cell recruitment into the tissue. , 2000, Blood.

[263]  A Radbruch,et al.  Stat6-independent GATA-3 autoactivation directs IL-4-independent Th2 development and commitment. , 2000, Immunity.

[264]  H. Lee,et al.  Ectopic expression of activated Stat6 induces the expression of Th2-specific cytokines and transcription factors in developing Th1 cells. , 1999, Immunity.

[265]  H. Nagafuchi,et al.  Txk, a Nonreceptor Tyrosine Kinase of the Tec Family, Is Expressed in T Helper Type 1 Cells and Regulates Interferon γ Production in Human T Lymphocytes , 1999, The Journal of experimental medicine.

[266]  D. H. Zhang,et al.  Inhibition of allergic inflammation in a murine model of asthma by expression of a dominant-negative mutant of GATA-3. , 1999, Immunity.

[267]  R. Coffman,et al.  Impaired NFATc translocation and failure of Th2 development in Itk-deficient CD4+ T cells. , 1999, Immunity.

[268]  L. Staudt,et al.  BCL-6-deficient mice reveal an IL-4-independent, STAT6-dependent pathway that controls susceptibility to infection by Leishmania major. , 1999, Journal of immunology.

[269]  L. Glimcher,et al.  The transcription factor c-Maf controls the production of interleukin-4 but not other Th2 cytokines. , 1999, Immunity.

[270]  R. Perlmutter,et al.  T cell antigen receptor-mediated activation of the Ras/mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway controls interleukin 4 receptor function and type-2 helper T cell differentiation. , 1999, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[271]  J. Ihle,et al.  Stat5 is required for IL-2-induced cell cycle progression of peripheral T cells. , 1999, Immunity.

[272]  R. Flavell,et al.  Regulation of IL‐4 expression by the transcription factor JunB during T helper cell differentiation , 1999, The EMBO journal.

[273]  Suneet Agarwal,et al.  Modulation of chromatin structure regulates cytokine gene expression during T cell differentiation. , 1998, Immunity.

[274]  L. Glimcher,et al.  Inhibitory function of two NFAT family members in lymphoid homeostasis and Th2 development. , 1998, Immunity.

[275]  W. Ouyang,et al.  Inhibition of Th1 development mediated by GATA-3 through an IL-4-independent mechanism. , 1998, Immunity.

[276]  L. Glimcher,et al.  The transcription factor NFAT4 is involved in the generation and survival of T cells. , 1998, Immunity.

[277]  M. Kubo,et al.  Requirement for p56(lck) tyrosine kinase activation in Th subset differentiation. , 1998, International immunology.

[278]  F. Alt,et al.  Delayed lymphoid repopulation with defects in IL-4-driven responses produced by inactivation of NF-ATc. , 1998, Immunity.

[279]  M J May,et al.  NF-kappa B and Rel proteins: evolutionarily conserved mediators of immune responses. , 1998, Annual review of immunology.

[280]  G. Crabtree,et al.  The transcription factor NF-ATc1 regulates lymphocyte proliferation and Th2 cytokine production. , 1998, Immunity.

[281]  A. Rao,et al.  Down-regulation of IL-4 gene transcription and control of Th2 cell differentiation by a mechanism involving NFAT1. , 1997, Immunity.

[282]  R. Kastelein,et al.  IGIF Does Not Drive Th1 Development but Synergizes with IL-12 for Interferon-γ Production and Activates IRAK and NFκB , 1997 .

[283]  Hervé Groux,et al.  A CD4+T-cell subset inhibits antigen-specific T-cell responses and prevents colitis , 1997, Nature.

[284]  A. Ray,et al.  Transcription Factor GATA-3 Is Differentially Expressed in Murine Th1 and Th2 Cells and Controls Th2-specific Expression of the Interleukin-5 Gene* , 1997, The Journal of Biological Chemistry.

[285]  Richard A Flavell,et al.  The Transcription Factor GATA-3 Is Necessary and Sufficient for Th2 Cytokine Gene Expression in CD4 T Cells , 1997, Cell.

[286]  S. Constant,et al.  Induction of IL-4-producing CD4+ T cells by antigenic peptides altered for TCR binding. , 1997, Journal of immunology.

[287]  L. Staudt,et al.  Control of inflammation, cytokine expression, and germinal center formation by BCL-6. , 1997, Science.

[288]  S. Constant,et al.  Induction of Th1 and Th2 CD4+ T cell responses: the alternative approaches. , 1997, Annual review of immunology.

[289]  K. Georgopoulos,et al.  The role of the Ikaros gene in lymphocyte development and homeostasis. , 1997, Annual review of immunology.

[290]  M. Kaplan,et al.  Impaired IL-12 responses and enhanced development of Th2 cells in Stat4-deficient mice , 1996, Nature.

[291]  P. Doherty,et al.  Requirement for Stat4 in interleukin-12-mediated responses of natural killer and T cells , 1996, Nature.

[292]  W. Paul,et al.  Lack of IL-4-induced Th2 response and IgE class switching in mice with disrupted State6 gene , 1996, Nature.

[293]  S. Akira,et al.  Essential role of Stat6 in IL-4 signalling , 1996, Nature.

[294]  M. Kaplan,et al.  Stat6 is required for mediating responses to IL-4 and for development of Th2 cells. , 1996, Immunity.

[295]  M. Siegel,et al.  Activation of the Interleukin-5 Promoter by cAMP in Murine EL-4 Cells Requires the GATA-3 and CLE0 Elements (*) , 1995, The Journal of Biological Chemistry.

[296]  M. Toda,et al.  Immunologic self-tolerance maintained by activated T cells expressing IL-2 receptor alpha-chains (CD25). Breakdown of a single mechanism of self-tolerance causes various autoimmune diseases. , 1995, Journal of immunology.

[297]  T. Mosmann,et al.  Single IL-2-secreting precursor CD4 T cell can develop into either Th1 or Th2 cytokine secretion phenotype. , 1994, Journal of immunology.

[298]  H. Weiner,et al.  Regulatory T cell clones induced by oral tolerance: suppression of autoimmune encephalomyelitis. , 1994, Science.

[299]  R. Schwartz,et al.  A subset of CD4+ thymocytes selected by MHC class I molecules. , 1994, Science.

[300]  F. Finkelman,et al.  Cytokine-mediated regulation of chronic intestinal helminth infection , 1994, The Journal of experimental medicine.

[301]  G. Nolan,et al.  The bcl-3 proto-oncogene encodes a nuclear I kappa B-like molecule that preferentially interacts with NF-kappa B p50 and p52 in a phosphorylation-dependent manner , 1993, Molecular and cellular biology.

[302]  C. Hsieh,et al.  Development of TH1 CD4+ T cells through IL-12 produced by Listeria-induced macrophages. , 1993, Science.

[303]  C. Gilks,et al.  Progression of interleukin-2 (IL-2)-dependent rat T cell lymphoma lines to IL-2-independent growth following activation of a gene (Gfi-1) encoding a novel zinc finger protein , 1993, Molecular and cellular biology.

[304]  W. Paul,et al.  The presence of interleukin 4 during in vitro priming determines the lymphokine-producing potential of CD4+ T cells from T cell receptor transgenic mice , 1992, The Journal of experimental medicine.

[305]  R. Perlmutter,et al.  Defective T cell receptor signaling in mice lacking the thymic isoform of p59 fyn , 1992, Cell.

[306]  P. Stein,et al.  pp59 fyn mutant mice display differential signaling in thymocytes and peripheral T cells , 1992, Cell.

[307]  C. Hsieh,et al.  Differential regulation of T helper phenotype development by interleukins 4 and 10 in an alpha beta T-cell-receptor transgenic system. , 1992, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[308]  A. Wakeham,et al.  Profound block in thymocyte development in mice lacking p56lck , 1992, Nature.

[309]  J. Saurat,et al.  A common precursor for CD4+ T cells producing IL-2 or IL-4. , 1992, Journal of immunology.

[310]  A. Weinberg,et al.  IL-4 directs the development of Th2-like helper effectors. , 1990, Journal of immunology.

[311]  W. Paul,et al.  Generation of interleukin 4 (IL-4)-producing cells in vivo and in vitro: IL-2 and IL-4 are required for in vitro generation of IL-4- producing cells , 1990, The Journal of experimental medicine.

[312]  A. Woods,et al.  Cloned, Ia-restricted T cells that do not produce interleukin 4(IL 4)/B cell stimulatory factor 1(BSF-1) fail to help antigen-specific B cells. , 1987, Journal of immunology.

[313]  T. Yanagi Hyper-IgE syndrome , 1987, Indian journal of pediatrics.

[314]  R. Coffman,et al.  Two types of murine helper T cell clone. I. Definition according to profiles of lymphokine activities and secreted proteins. , 1986, Journal of immunology.

[315]  C. Hsieh,et al.  Differential regulation of T helper phenotype development by interleukins 4 and 10 in an c43 T-cell-receptor transgenic system , 2022 .