Millimeter-Wave CMOS Voltage-Controlled Oscillators

The design of millimeter-wave CMOS voltage-controlled oscillators (VCOs) is reviewed. A low parasitic cross-coupled transistor layout is developed, and used to demonstrate a 140-GHz fundamental mode VCO in 90-nm CMOS and a 192-GHz push-push VCO in 130-nm CMOS. These are the circuits with the highest fundamental and harmonic operating frequencies achieved in silicon integrated circuits

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