Soil total carbon analysis in Hawaiian soils with visible, near-infrared and mid-infrared diffuse reflectance spectroscopy

article i nfo Accurate assessment of total carbon (Ct) content is important for fertility and nutrient management of soils, as well as for carbon sequestration studies. The non-destructive analysis of soils by diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS) is a potential supplement or alternative to the traditional time-consuming and costly combustion method of Ctanalysis,especiallyinspatialortemporal studieswheresamplenumbersarelarge.Thisalternativetechnique has been utilized in several locations in the United States and elsewhere, but has not been tested on the unique and diverse tropical soils in Hawaii. This study investigated the feasibility of DRS for Ct prediction of Hawaiian ag- ricultural soils by creating visible, near-infrared (VNIR) and mid-infrared (MIR) spectral libraries and developing chemometric models with partial least squares regression (PLSR) and random forests (RF) ensemble tree regres- sion. The sample set contained 305 soils from across the five main Hawaiian Islands, representing 10 soil orders and over 100 soil series. The Ct of these samples measured by dry combustion ranged from b1% to 56%, greater than that of most previously published studies. The VNIR spectra of the soils commonly exhibited features asso- ciated with OH � and H2O, iron oxides, phyllosilicates, and organic molecules. The numerous features in the MIR

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