A new battery model for use with battery energy storage systems and electric vehicles power systems

This paper initially presents a review of the several battery models used for electric vehicles and battery energy storage system applications. A model is discussed which takes into account the nonlinear characteristics of the battery with respect to the battery's state of charge. Comparisons between simulation and laboratory measurements are presented. The effects of high frequency switching on the battery performance are also discussed. A strategy to reduce the high frequency charging and discharging current is proposed.