Proficient load‐frequency regulation of demand response supported bio‐renewable cogeneration based hybrid microgrids with quasi‐oppositional selfish‐herd optimisation

This is an earliest attempt to study the effective regulation of load-frequency oscillations due to the penetration of renewable generations in bio-renewable cogeneration based hybrid microgrids with demand response (DR) support considering optimal utilisation of resources. The work is a maiden attempt to derive the linearised model of a medium-sized linear-Fresnel-reflector type solar-thermal power unit for load-frequency study in the proposed wind/micro-hydro/biogas/biodiesel generator-based hybrid microgrids, modelling suitable DR strategies for both isolated and interconnected modes. The proposed systems are simulated using MATLAB/Simulink for coordinated source/demand-side management, proposing a novel quasi-oppositional selfish-herd optimisation algorithm in both the modes, incorporating real-time recorded solar/wind data and realistic random loads. Firstly, the oscillations due to renewable-penetrations are reduced efficiently in the isolated microgrid incorporating biodiesel generator and DR supports. Then the study is further extended for interconnected two-unequal hybrid microgrids considering resource availabilities. The system responses are compared in four extreme scenarios of source variations, as well as three variations of DRs without retuning the controllers to study the adaptability of the proposed system. Finally, the system frequency oscillations are regulated satisfactorily by DR support for both the modes.