Doppelganger in Bitcoin Mining Pools: An Analysis of the Duplication Share Attack

Bitcoin is a cryptocurrency based in peer-to-peer network that uses a blockchain. To maintain the blockchain without trusted third parties, a player called a miner proves that he has completed a proof-of-work. As the difficulty of proof-of-work is increasing, mining pools, consisting of a number of miners, have become major players compared with solo miners. Most mining pools consist of a manager and miners. All miners who belong to a mining pool submit their shares to the manager and get paid in proportion to the amount of their shares. Therefore, the manager has to pay all miners fairly.