Improving Tribological Properties of Multialkylated Cyclopentanes under Simulated Space Environment: Two Feasible Approaches.

Space mechanisms require multialkylated cyclopentanes (MACs) more lubricious, more reliable, more durable, and better adaptive to harsh space environments. In this study, two kinds of additives were added into MACs for improving the tribological properties under simulated space environments: (a) solid nanoparticles (tungsten disulfide (WS2), tungsten trioxide (WO3), lanthanum oxide (La2O3), and lanthanum trifluoride (LaF3)) for steel/steel contacts; (b) liquid additives like zinc dialkyldithiophosphate (ZDDP) and molybdenum dialkyldithiocarbamate (MoDTC) for steel/steel and steel/diamond-like carbon (DLC) contacts. The results show that, under harsh simulated space environments, addition of the solid nanoparticles into MACs allows the wear to be reduced by up to one order magnitude, while liquid additives simultaneously reduce friction and wear by 80% and 93%, respectively. Friction mechanisms were proposed according to surface/interface analysis techniques, such as X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectroscopy (TOF-SIMS). The role of solid nanoparticles in reducing friction and wear mainly depends on their surface enhancement effect, and the liquid additives are attributed to the formation of tribochemical reaction film derived from ZDDP and MoDTC on the sliding surfaces.

[1]  Wei-min Liu,et al.  Imidazolium ionic liquids as antiwear and antioxidant additive in poly(ethylene glycol) for steel/steel contacts. , 2010, ACS applied materials & interfaces.

[2]  Robert L. Fusaro,et al.  Preventing Spacecraft Failures Due to Tribological Problems , 2001 .

[3]  Harold E. Sliney,et al.  Solid lubricant materials for high temperatures: A review , 1982 .

[4]  M. S. Fuller,et al.  Application of soft X-ray absorption spectroscopy in chemical characterization of antiwear films generated by ZDDP Part I: the effects of physical parameters , 1997 .

[5]  M. R. Mofakhami,et al.  Sound transmission between partitioned contiguous enclosures , 2009 .

[6]  E. Ciulli.  Tribology research trends in Italy , 2009 .

[7]  Q. Xue,et al.  High vacuum tribological performance of DLC-based solid–liquid lubricating coatings: Influence of atomic oxygen and ultraviolet irradiation , 2013 .

[8]  J. Zabinski,et al.  Surface chemistry of fluorine containing ionic liquids on steel substrates at elevated temperature using Mössbauer spectroscopy , 2007 .

[9]  Lev Rapoport,et al.  Applications of WS2(MoS2) inorganic nanotubes and fullerene-like nanoparticles for solid lubrication and for structural nanocomposites , 2005 .

[10]  Sandrine Bec,et al.  Synergistic Effects of MoDTC and ZDTP on Frictional Behaviour of Tribofilms at the Nanometer Scale , 2004, 0704.0338.

[11]  Erwin V. Zaretsky,et al.  Liquid lubrication in space , 1990 .

[12]  Liping Wang,et al.  Highly conductive ionic liquids toward high-performance space-lubricating greases. , 2014, ACS applied materials & interfaces.

[13]  Jianxi Liu,et al.  Effect of multiply-alkylated cyclopentane (MAC) on durability and load-carrying capacity of self-assembled monolayers on silicon wafer , 2007 .

[14]  M. Naebe,et al.  Mechanical Property and Structure of Covalent Functionalised Graphene/Epoxy Nanocomposites , 2014, Scientific Reports.

[15]  Michael Nosonovsky.  Model for solid-liquid and solid-solid friction of rough surfaces with adhesion hysteresis. , 2007, The Journal of chemical physics.

[16]  B. Bhushan.  Introduction to Tribology: Bhushan/Introduction , 2013 .

[17]  R. Tenne,et al.  X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy and tribology studies of annealed fullerene‐like WS2 nanoparticles , 2008 .

[18]  Ali Erdemir,et al.  A study of the wear mechanism of diamond-like carbon films , 1996 .

[19]  M. Masuko,et al.  Tribological characteristics of Perfluoropolyether liquid lubricants under sliding conditions in high vacuum , 1994 .

[20]  F. Lockwood,et al.  Behaviour of boundary lubricating additives on DLC coatings , 2008 .

[21]  J. M. Martín,et al.  Boundary lubrication mechanisms of carbon coatings by MoDTC and ZDDP additives , 2005 .

[22]  P. Blau,et al.  The influence of microstructure on tribological properties of WO3 thin films , 1999 .

[23]  V. Sankaranarayanan,et al.  Graphene-based engine oil nanofluids for tribological applications. , 2011, ACS applied materials & interfaces.

[24]  G. Bancroft,et al.  The chemistry of antiwear films generated by the combination of ZDDP and MoDTC examined by X-ray absorption spectroscopy , 1998 .

[25]  Wenpeng Liu,et al.  Tribochemistry and antiwear mechanism of organic–inorganic nanoparticles as lubricant additives , 2006 .

[26]  Wei-min Liu,et al.  Lithium-based ionic liquids as novel lubricant additives for multiply alkylated cyclopentanes (MACs) , 2013 .

[27]  Young-Min Choi,et al.  Understanding the Role of Nanoparticles in Nano-oil Lubrication , 2009 .

[28]  Kazuhisa Miyoshi,et al.  Solid Lubricants and Coatings for Extreme Environments: State-of-the-Art Survey , 2007 .

[29]  Hugh Spikes,et al.  The History and Mechanisms of ZDDP , 2004 .

[30]  M. Masuko,et al.  Lubrication performance of multialkylatedcyclopentane oils for sliding friction of steel under vacuum condition , 2007 .

[31]  J. M. Martín,et al.  Chemistry of ZDDP Tribofilm by ToF-SIMS , 2004 .

[32]  Q. Xue,et al.  Study on the structure and tribological properties of surface-modified Cu nanoparticles , 1999 .

[33]  Q. Xue,et al.  Novel DLC/ionic liquid/graphene nanocomposite coatings towards high-vacuum related space applications , 2013 .

[34]  M. Jansen,et al.  Evaluation of Several Space Lubricants using a Vacuum Four-Ball Tribometer , 1999 .

[35]  Emyr Roberts,et al.  Space tribology: its role in spacecraft mechanisms , 2012 .

[36]  J. H. Green,et al.  ZDDP and MoDTC interactions and their effect on tribological performance – tribofilm characteristics and its evolution , 2006 .

[38]  Q. Xue,et al.  Carbon-based solid-liquid lubricating coatings for space applications-A review , 2015 .

[39]  R. Sodhi,et al.  Time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (TOF-SIMS):--versatility in chemical and imaging surface analysis. , 2004, The Analyst.

[40]  M. Jansen,et al.  Research on liquid lubricants for space mechanisms , 2000 .

[41]  Q. Xue,et al.  A novel carbon-based solid–liquid duplex lubricating coating with super-high tribological performance for space applications , 2011 .

[42]  J. Israelachvili,et al.  Microtribology and Friction‐Induced Material Transfer in WS2 Nanoparticle Additives , 2001 .

[43]  Keith D. Bartle,et al.  A review of zinc dialkyldithiophosphates (ZDDPS): characterisation and role in the lubricating oil , 2001 .

[44]  R. Chou,et al.  CuO, ZrO2 and ZnO nanoparticles as antiwear additive in oil lubricants , 2008 .

[45]  Wei-min Liu,et al.  Study on an antiwear and extreme pressure additive of surface coated LaF3 nanoparticles in liquid paraffin , 2001 .

[46]  Michael M. Khonsari,et al.  Liquid lubrication for space applications , 1993 .

[47]  S. Sinha,et al.  A Tribological Study of Multiply-Alkylated Cyclopentanes and Perfluoropolyether Lubricants for Application to Si-MEMS Devices , 2013, Tribology Letters.

[48]  R. Tenne,et al.  Inorganic fullerene-like material as additives to lubricants: structure–function relationship , 1999 .

[49]  Anirudha V. Sumant,et al.  Graphene: a new emerging lubricant ☆ , 2014 .

[50]  Yuh-Yih Wu,et al.  Experimental analysis of tribological properties of lubricating oils with nanoparticle additives , 2007 .

[51]  N. Spencer,et al.  Tribofilm formation from ZnDTP on diamond-like carbon , 2008 .

[52]  N. McIntyre,et al.  A Raman and XPS investigation of supported molybdenum oxide thin films. 2. Reactions with hydrogen sulfide , 1993 .

[53]  Qihua Wang,et al.  Effects of proton and electron irradiation on the structural and tribological properties of MoS2/polyimide , 2011 .