Integrated wind turbine controller with virtual inertia and primary frequency responses for grid dynamic frequency support

An integrated controller of wind turbines with both inertial response and primary frequency regulation (PFR) to provide complete dynamic frequency support for the grid with high wind power penetration is investigated. The wind turbine control governor contains two cross-coupled controllers: pitch controller and maximum power point tracking (MPPT) controller. First, as a precondition for the PFR, a de-loading pitch control scheme is proposed to reserve capacity required for frequency regulation. Then, by optimizing the MPPT scheme, the rapid virtual inertia response is achieved even under de-loading operation condition. Based on the analysis of the steady-state characteristics of wind turbines with frequency droop control, the primary frequency control strategy, which enables the adjustment of frequency droop coefficient, is further proposed through pitch angle changes. Thus, the PFR and inertial response can be both achieved by the proposed de-loading pitch controller and optimized MPPT controller. A three-machine prototype system containing two synchronous generators and a Doubly Fed Induction Generator (DFIG)-based wind turbine with 30% of wind penetration is implemented to validate the proposed integrated control strategies on providing inertial response and subsequent load sharing in the event of frequency change.