Helping users think in three dimensions: steps toward incorporating spatial cognition in user modelling

bols) [7], or as a set of "issues" with which the student is familiar [6]. Perhaps not coincidentally, the domains to which these models are applied—the domains for which the ICAI systems are thus written—tend to anticipate the knowledge representation schemes to be employed. These systems consequently focus on domains in which expertise seems to be most easily expressed through natural language—domains such as game-playing [6], subtraction [5], algebraic manipulation [1], geographical knowledge [7], programming [1, 17], and so forth. ABSTRACT

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