A Review of Magnesium/Magnesium Alloys Corrosion and its Protection~!2009-10-01~!2009-11-25~!2010-02-11~!

A review is provided about the current research on magnesium/magnesium alloys corrosion in the industry. Except for reviewing the kinds of corrosion on galvanic corrosion, stress corrosion, and corrosion fatigue, its corresponding mechanisms are also explained, such as the influence of metallurgical factors, and environmental factors. Furthermore, the protection of magnesium/magnesium alloys corrosion is presented, for instance, surface treatment/modification, coating and so on. Also, because the continuing challenges associated with the use of magnesium alloys, more considerations about future applications and research directions are given according to the properties improvement of magnesium alloys for the eco-friendly requirements.

[1]  G. Thompson,et al.  Incorporation of zirconia particles into coatings formed on magnesium by plasma electrolytic oxidation , 2008 .

[2]  Liming Peng,et al.  Investigation of the corrosion for Mg–xGd–3Y–0.4Zr (x = 6, 8, 10, 12 wt%) alloys in a peak-aged condition , 2008 .

[3]  R. Winston Revie,et al.  Uhlig's Corrosion Handbook , 2005 .

[4]  Alexis M Pietak,et al.  Magnesium and its alloys as orthopedic biomaterials: a review. , 2006, Biomaterials.

[5]  E. F. Emley Principles of magnesium technology , 1966 .

[6]  G. Song,et al.  Characterisation of stress corrosion cracking (SCC) of Mg-Al alloys , 2008 .

[7]  J. Park,et al.  Influence of the manufacturing processes on the corrosion of Zr-1.1Nb-0.05Cu alloy , 2009 .

[8]  A. Atrens,et al.  Stress Corrosion Cracking of Magnesium Alloys , 2011 .

[9]  K. Kainer Verfahren und Produkte , 1997, HTM Journal of Heat Treatment and Materials.

[10]  Yufeng Zheng,et al.  In vitro corrosion and biocompatibility of binary magnesium alloys. , 2009, Biomaterials.

[11]  Corrosion Engineering,et al.  Corrosion engineering , 1979 .

[12]  Herbert H. Uhlig,et al.  The Corrosion Handbook , 1948 .

[13]  N. Scharnagl,et al.  Corrosion protection of magnesium alloy AZ31 by coating with poly(ether imides) (PEI) , 2009 .

[14]  Andrej Atrens,et al.  A Critical Review of the Stress Corrosion Cracking (SCC) of Magnesium Alloys , 2005 .

[15]  E. N. Pugh,et al.  Hydrogen embrittlement in a Mg-Al alloy , 1976 .

[16]  D. Eliezer,et al.  The relation between microstructure and corrosion behavior of Mg–Y–RE–Zr alloys , 2007 .

[17]  P. Steinmetz,et al.  Corrosion Behavior of Rapidly Solidified Magnesium-Aluminum-Zinc Alloys , 1997 .

[18]  T. Marrow,et al.  Environment-assisted cracking of cast WE43-T6 magnesium , 2004 .

[19]  Junho Choi,et al.  Corrosion protection of DLC coatings on magnesium alloy , 2007 .

[20]  B. Mordike,et al.  Thermal stability and corrosion behaviour of Mg–Y–Nd and Mg–Tb–Nd alloys , 2007 .

[21]  Y. Huang,et al.  Influence of zinc ion implantation on surface nanomechanical performance and corrosion resistance of biomedical magnesium–calcium alloys , 2008 .

[22]  Frank Hollstein,et al.  Characteristics of PVD-coatings on AZ31hp magnesium alloys , 2003 .

[23]  J. Payer,et al.  Corrosion Fatigue of Metals in Marine Environments , 1981 .

[24]  M. Störmer,et al.  Correlation between texture and corrosion properties of magnesium coatings produced by PVD , 2008 .

[25]  D. Eliezer,et al.  The role of Mg2Si on the corrosion behavior of wrought Mg–Zn–Mn alloy , 2008 .

[26]  Wei Gao,et al.  The effect of substrate on the electroless nickel plating of Mg and Mg alloys , 2006 .

[27]  Yong Wang,et al.  Evaluation of cyto-toxicity and corrosion behavior of alkali-heat-treated magnesium in simulated body fluid , 2004 .

[28]  M. Wong,et al.  Improvement of corrosion resistance of pure magnesium in Hanks’ solution by microarc oxidation with sol–gel TiO2 sealing , 2009 .

[29]  E. Han,et al.  High-cycle fatigue behavior of Mg-Zn-Y-Zr alloy , 2008 .

[30]  G. Song,et al.  Comparison of the linearly increasing stress test and the constant extension rate test in the evaluation of transgranular stress corrosion cracking of magnesium , 2008 .

[31]  Z. Lili,et al.  Corrosion resistance of anodized AZ31 Mg alloy in borate solution containing titania sol , 2008 .

[32]  J. Kruger,et al.  Stress corrosion cracking of rapidly solidified magnesium-aluminum alloys , 1993 .

[33]  Guohua Wu,et al.  Effect of Zr on the microstructure, mechanical properties and corrosion resistance of Mg–10Gd–3Y magnesium alloy , 2009 .

[34]  A. Balbo,et al.  Organo-silane coatings for AZ31 magnesium alloy corrosion protection , 2008 .

[35]  Daokui Xu,et al.  The fatigue crack propagation behavior of the forged Mg–Zn–Y–Zr alloy , 2007 .

[36]  D. McDowell,et al.  Environmentally influenced microstructurally small fatigue crack growth in cast magnesium , 2005 .

[37]  Sirong Yu,et al.  Study on the effect of corrosion on the tensile properties of the 1.0 wt.% Yttrium modified AZ91 magnesium alloy , 2009 .

[38]  Martin Stratmann,et al.  Corrosion protection by organic coatings: electrochemical mechanism and novel methods of investigation , 2000 .

[39]  D. Eliezer,et al.  The role of Si and Ca on new wrought Mg–Zn–Mn based alloy , 2007 .

[40]  Ikeyama Masami,et al.  Improvement of corrosion protection property of Mg-alloy by DLC and Si–DLC coatings with PBII technique and multi-target DC–RF magnetron sputtering , 2009 .

[41]  W. Ding,et al.  Effect of heat treatment on corrosion and electrochemical behaviour of Mg–3Nd–0.2Zn–0.4Zr (wt.%) alloy , 2007 .

[42]  S. Riekehr,et al.  Stress corrosion cracking behavior of Nd:YAG laser butt welded AZ31 Mg sheet , 2007 .

[43]  M. Avedesian,et al.  Magnesium and magnesium alloys , 1998 .

[44]  E. Aghion,et al.  Influence of technological parameters of permanent mold casting and die casting on creep and strength of Mg alloy AZ91D , 1997 .

[45]  S. Maschio,et al.  Heat exchangers corrosion protection by using organic coatings , 2008 .

[46]  D. Schmeißer,et al.  Novel corrosion-resistant films for Mg alloys , 2002 .

[47]  K. Kainer,et al.  Magnesium alloys and technology , 2003 .

[48]  E. Gutman,et al.  Corrosion fatigue of die-cast and extruded magnesium alloys , 2001 .

[49]  E. Gutman,et al.  Corrosion fatigue of extruded magnesium alloys , 2003 .

[50]  N. Dahotre,et al.  Pulsed laser surface treatment of magnesium alloy: Correlation between thermal model and experimental observations , 2009 .

[51]  V. Ashworth,et al.  Environmentally-induced cracking of magnesium , 1984 .

[52]  W. Dietzel,et al.  A study on the effect of plasma electrolytic oxidation on the stress corrosion cracking behaviour of a wrought AZ61 magnesium alloy and its friction stir weldment , 2009 .

[53]  D. StJohn,et al.  Galvanic corrosion of magnesium alloy AZ91D in contact with an aluminium alloy, steel and zinc , 2004 .

[54]  G. Song Effect of tin modification on corrosion of AM70 magnesium alloy , 2009 .

[55]  J. Hanawalt Corrosion studies of magnesium and its alloys , 1942 .

[56]  G. Marx,et al.  Preparation and Microstructure Characterization of Anodic Spark Deposited Barium Titanate Conversion Layers , 1999 .

[57]  C. Tuck,et al.  The Role of Magnesium Segregation in the Intergranular Stress Corrosion Cracking of Aluminium Alloys. , 1987 .

[58]  A. Bakkar,et al.  Improving corrosion resistance of magnesium-based alloys by surface modification with hydrogen by electrochemical ion reduction (EIR) and by plasma immersion ion implantation (PIII) , 2005 .

[59]  L. Barrallier,et al.  Microstructure and corrosion resistance of magnesium alloy ZE41 with laser surface cladding by Al-Si powder , 2008 .

[60]  D. Northwood,et al.  Systematic study of the electrolytic plasma oxidation process on a Mg alloy for corrosion protection , 2006 .

[61]  A. Atrens,et al.  Stress corrosion cracking of rare-earth containing magnesium alloys ZE41, QE22 and Elektron 21 (EV31A) compared with AZ80 , 2008 .

[62]  D. Eliezer,et al.  Stress corrosion cracking of new Mg–Zn–Mn wrought alloys containing Si , 2008 .

[63]  Yanping Zhu,et al.  Effects of yttrium on microstructure and mechanical properties of hot-extruded Mg–Zn–Y–Zr alloys , 2004 .

[64]  Yunchang Xin,et al.  Corrosion behavior of ZrN/Zr coated biomedical AZ91 magnesium alloy , 2009 .

[65]  M. Escudero,et al.  Corrosion behaviour of AZ31 magnesium alloy with different grain sizes in simulated biological fluids. , 2010, Acta biomaterialia.

[66]  W. Dietzel,et al.  Testing and mesoscale modelling of hydrogen assisted cracking of magnesium , 2010 .

[67]  Paweł Kołodziejczak,et al.  Properties of CO2 laser-welded butt joints of dissimilar magnesium alloys , 2009 .

[68]  M. Maitz,et al.  Corrosion properties of oxygen plasma immersion ion implantation treated magnesium , 2007 .

[69]  Schweitzer,et al.  Corrosion and corrosion protection handbook , 1983 .

[70]  F. Wittea,et al.  In vivo corrosion of four magnesium alloys and the associated bone response , 2004 .

[71]  Andrej Atrens,et al.  Influence of geometry on galvanic corrosion of AZ91D coupled to steel , 2006 .

[72]  Y. Mutoh,et al.  Corrosion fatigue behavior of extruded magnesium alloy AZ61 under three different corrosive environments , 2008 .

[73]  L. Wagner,et al.  Corrosion fatigue behavior of the high-strength magnesium alloy AZ 80 , 2000 .

[74]  S. Mathieu,et al.  Corrosion behaviour of high pressure die-cast and semi-solid cast AZ91D alloys , 2002 .

[75]  Mamoru Mabuchi,et al.  Life cycle inventory study on magnesium alloy substitution in vehicles , 2007 .

[76]  Ke Yang,et al.  In vivo corrosion behavior of Mg-Mn-Zn alloy for bone implant application. , 2007, Journal of biomedical materials research. Part A.

[77]  S. Ishihara,et al.  Corrosion fatigue behavior of extruded magnesium alloy AZ31 in sodium chloride solution , 2008 .

[78]  E. Han,et al.  Stress corrosion cracking behaviors of AZ91 magnesium alloy in deicer solutions using constant load , 2009 .

[79]  A. Frignani,et al.  Corrosion Behavior in Sodium Sulfate and Sodium Chloride Solutions of SiCp Reinforced Magnesium Alloy Metal Matrix Composites , 2004 .

[80]  E. Aghion,et al.  Corrosion Fatigue and Mechanochemical Behavior of Magnesium Alloys , 1998 .

[81]  G. Song,et al.  Corrosion resistance of anodised single-phase Mg alloys , 2006 .

[82]  Jorge F. Santos,et al.  Corrosion of friction stir welded magnesium alloy AM50 , 2009 .

[83]  Sabrina Grassini,et al.  Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy evaluation of the corrosion behaviour of Mg alloy coated with PECVD organosilicon thin film , 2003 .

[84]  Tms. Meeting,et al.  Ultrafine grained materials : proceedings of a symposium, held during the 2002 TMS Annual Meeting in Seattle, Washington, Feb. 17-21, 2002 , 2002 .

[85]  Y. Kawamura,et al.  Relation between corrosion behavior and microstructure of Mg–Zn–Y alloys prepared by rapid solidification at various cooling rates , 2009 .

[86]  Frank Witte,et al.  Degradable biomaterials based on magnesium corrosion , 2008 .

[87]  A. J. Mcevily Atlas of Stress Corrosion and Corrosion Fatigue Curves , 1990 .

[88]  T. Shih,et al.  Conversion-coating treatment for magnesium alloys by a permanganate–phosphate solution , 2003 .

[89]  Joshua J. Jacobs,et al.  Corrosion of metal orthopaedic implants. , 1998, The Journal of bone and joint surgery. American volume.

[90]  G. Venkatachari,et al.  Corrosion protection of magnesium ZM 21 alloy with polyaniline–TiO2 composite containing coatings , 2007 .

[91]  P. Xu,et al.  Stress corrosion cracking of gas-tungsten arc welds in continuous-cast AZ31 Mg alloy sheet , 2009 .

[92]  R. L. Edgar Global Overview on Demand and Applications for Magnesium Alloys , 2006 .

[93]  Andrej Atrens,et al.  A study on stress corrosion cracking and hydrogen embrittlement of AZ31 magnesium alloy , 2005 .

[94]  Frank Witte,et al.  In vitro and in vivo corrosion measurements of magnesium alloys. , 2006, Biomaterials.

[95]  Lei Yang,et al.  Microstructure, mechanical properties and bio-corrosion properties of Mg–Zn–Mn–Ca alloy for biomedical application , 2008 .

[96]  Sabrina Grassini,et al.  RF power and SiOxCyHz deposition efficiency in TEOS/O2 discharges for the corrosion protection of magnesium alloys , 2006 .

[97]  M. Dargusch,et al.  Influence of microstructure on the corrosion of diecast AZ91D , 1998 .

[98]  N. Dahotre,et al.  Effect of laser surface treatment on corrosion and wear resistance of ACM720 Mg alloy , 2008 .

[99]  F. Viejo,et al.  Corrosion protection of Mg/Al alloys by thermal sprayed aluminium coatings , 2009 .

[100]  P. Marcus,et al.  Corrosion protection of AZ91 magnesium alloy by anodizing in niobium and zirconium-containing electrolytes , 2009 .

[101]  E. Han,et al.  States and transport of hydrogen in the corrosion process of an AZ91 magnesium alloy in aqueous solution , 2008 .

[102]  Tao Zhang,et al.  Effect of alternating voltage treatment on the corrosion resistance of pure magnesium , 2009 .

[103]  S. Yao,et al.  The corrosion behavior of Ce-implanted magnesium alloys , 2008 .