The Helsinki Effect: International Norms, Human Rights, and the Demise of Communism.

Acknowledgments vii Abbreviations xi Introduction The Internationa Politics of Human Rights 3 THE EVOLUTION OF NORM 25 Chapter One: The Emergence of Human Rights Norms in East-West Relations 27 Chapter Two: Negotiating Human Rights in the Helsinki Final Act 55 THE FRAMING OF NORM 89 Chapter Three: Framing "Helsinki" at Home: ocia Movements against the Communist Party-state 91 Chapter Four: Framing "Helsinki" Abroad: Transnationa Networks and U.S. Policy 121 THE EFFECT OF NORM 157 Chapter Five: Mobilization: The Expansion of Human Rights Movements 159 Chapter Six: Backlash: Communism's Response to Human Rights 195 Chapter Seven: Socialization: Human Rights and the Dismantling of Communist Rule 220 Conclusions The Helsinki Effect 257 Appendix: Interviews 289 Index 295