Electrical and electrochemical properties of the MEH–PPV and MEH–PPV doped calix[4]arene derivative layers for the detection of Cu2+ and Na+ ions

Abstract A modified ITO electrode based on conducting polymer (MEH–PPV) matrix doped with the calix[4]arene molecules (β-ketoimine calix[4]arene) is deposited by spin coating. The carrier transport mechanism of the MEH–PPV and MEH–PPV:β-ketoiminecalix[4]arene films is investigated by using I – V characteristics measurements. The conduction mechanisms in these thin films are identified to be a space-charge-limited current (SCLC). The dielectric behavior of the MEH–PPV and the composite β-ketoimine calix[4]arene/MEH–PPV thin films are investigated by impedance spectroscopy (IS). The Cole–Cole plots are studied showing single semicircles and the solid interfaces are modeled by an equivalent circuit. The characteristics of chemical sensors based on MEH–PPV and MEH–PPV doped β-ketoimine calix[4]arene thin films for the detection of Cu 2+ and Na + ions are investigated by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The experimental impedance data of the modified electrodes are modeled by an equivalent circuit using the Z-View software. The inclusion of calixarene molecules into conducting polymer (MEH–PPV) exhibited considerable rise charge transfer resistance and improves sensing properties.

[1]  Andrew G. Leach,et al.  Binding affinities of host-guest, protein-ligand, and protein-transition-state complexes. , 2003, Angewandte Chemie.

[2]  S. Das,et al.  Studies on conduction mechanisms of pentacene based diodes using impedance spectroscopy , 2007 .

[3]  A. Ivaska,et al.  Potentiometric sensors based on poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) doped with sulfonated calix[4]arene and calix[4]resorcarenes , 2005 .

[4]  M. Ocak,et al.  Calixarenes with dansyl groups as potential chemosensors , 2012 .

[5]  A. Jonscher,et al.  Electronic properties of amorphous dielectric films , 1967 .

[6]  R. Chaâbane,et al.  Investigation of the electrical properties of a new PPV derivative-based on a sandwich structure for opto-electronic applications , 2012 .

[7]  Z. V. Vardeny,et al.  Electrically Symmetric Poly(Phenylene Acetylene) Diodes , 1994 .

[8]  J. Bisquert,et al.  Impedance analysis of galvanostatically synthesized polypyrrole films. Correlation of ionic diffusion and capacitance parameters with the electrode morphology , 2002 .

[9]  K. Ogura,et al.  Effect of the protonation level of poly(o-phenylenediamine) (PoPD) on the ac impedance of humidity-sensitive PoPD/poly(vinyl alcohol) composite film , 2002 .

[10]  Q. Feng,et al.  The effect of ionic radius of metal element (M) on (Pb,M)-1212 superconductors (M = Sr, Ca, Mg, Hg, Cd, Cu) , 1995 .

[11]  N. Jaffrézic,et al.  Impedance spectroscopic investigations of ITO modified by new Azo-calix[4]arene immobilised into electroconducting polymer (MEHPPV) , 2007 .

[12]  N. Jaffrezic‐Renault,et al.  Electrical characterization of functionalized platinum electrodes and ISFET sensors for metal ion detection , 2006 .

[13]  G. Garcia‐Belmonte.  Effect of electrode morphology on the diffusion length of the doping process of electronically conducting polypyrrole films , 2003 .

[14]  I. Dumazet-Bonnamour,et al.  First synthesis and structure of beta-ketoimine calix[4]arenes: complexation and extraction studies. , 2004, The Journal of organic chemistry.

[15]  H. Perrot,et al.  Correlation between ion-exchange properties and swelling/shrinking processes in hexasulfonated calix[6]arene doped polypyrrole films: ac-electrogravimetry and electrochemical atomic force microscopy investigations , 2011 .

[16]  M. N. Kamalasanan,et al.  Frequency dependent electrical transport properties of 4,4′,4″-tris(N-3-methylphenyl-N-phenylamine)triphenylamine by impedance spectroscopy , 2010 .

[17]  Dermot Diamond,et al.  All-solid-state sodium-selective electrode based on a calixarene ionophore in a poly(vinyl chloride) membrane with a polypyrrole solid contact , 1992 .

[18]  W. Verboom,et al.  Preorganization of diglycolamides on the calix(4)arene platform and its effect on the extraction of Am(III)/Eu(III) , 2012 .

[19]  M. Lampert,et al.  Current injection in solids , 1970 .

[20]  H. Griesser,et al.  Highly resolved dual phosphorescence of xanthone in several hosts , 1981 .

[21]  J. Macdonald.  Impedance spectroscopy and its use in analyzing the steady-state AC response of solid and liquid electrolytes , 1987 .

[22]  P. Aranda,et al.  A new silver-ion selective sensor based on a polythiacrown-ether entrapped by sol-gel , 2002 .

[23]  Qijin Wan,et al.  Voltammetric determination of mercury (II) in aqueous media using glassy carbon electrodes modified with novel calix[4]arene. , 2003, Talanta.

[24]  N. Jaffrezic‐Renault,et al.  Study of ion-selective evaporated calixarene film used as a sensitive layer on ISFET sensors , 1998 .

[25]  I. Stoikov,et al.  Ag selective electrode based on glassy carbon electrode covered with polyaniline and thiacalix[4]arene as neutral carrier. , 2007, Talanta.

[26]  L. Do,et al.  Impedance spectroscopy of single- and double-layer polymer light-emitting diode , 2000 .

[27]  I. Kaur,et al.  Cesium ion selective electrode based on calix[4]crown ether-ester. , 2002, Talanta.

[28]  S. Memon,et al.  Synthesis of Calix[4]arene-grafted Magnetite Nanoparticles and Evaluation of Their Arsenate as Well as Dichromate Removal Efficiency , 2010 .