Clinical practice guidelines for the care of girls and women with Turner syndrome: proceedings from the 2016 Cincinnati International Turner Syndrome Meeting.

Turner syndrome affects 25-50 per 100,000 females and can involve multiple organs through all stages of life, necessitating multidisciplinary approach to care. Previous guidelines have highlighted this, but numerous important advances have been noted recently. These advances cover all specialty fields involved in the care of girls and women with TS. This paper is based on an international effort that started with exploratory meetings in 2014 in both Europe and the USA, and culminated with a Consensus Meeting held in Cincinnati, Ohio, USA in July 2016. Prior to this meeting, five groups each addressed important areas in TS care: 1) diagnostic and genetic issues, 2) growth and development during childhood and adolescence, 3) congenital and acquired cardiovascular disease, 4) transition and adult care, and 5) other comorbidities and neurocognitive issues. These groups produced proposals for the present guidelines. Additionally, four pertinent questions were submitted for formal GRADE (Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation) evaluation with a separate systematic review of the literature. These four questions related to the efficacy and most optimal treatment of short stature, infertility, hypertension, and hormonal replacement therapy. The guidelines project was initiated by the European Society for Endocrinology and the Pediatric Endocrine Society, in collaboration with The European Society for Pediatric Endocrinology, The Endocrine Society, European Society of Human Reproduction and Embryology, The American Heart Association, The Society for Endocrinology, and the European Society of Cardiology. The guideline has been formally endorsed by the European Society for Endocrinology, the Pediatric Endocrine Society, the European Society for Pediatric Endocrinology, the European Society of Human Reproduction and Embryology and the Endocrine Society. Advocacy groups appointed representatives who participated in pre-meeting discussions and in the consensus meeting.

[1]  M. Mazzocco,et al.  Math Achievement, Numerical Processing, and Executive Functions in Girls with Turner Syndrome: Do Girls with Turner Syndrome Have Math Learning Disability?. , 2010 .

[2]  H. Kjellberg,et al.  Palatal height and dental arch dimensions in Turner syndrome karyotypes. , 2013, European journal of orthodontics.

[3]  P. Mulder,et al.  Long-Term Follow-Up of GH-Treated Girls with Turner Syndrome: Metabolic Consequences , 2009, Hormone Research in Paediatrics.

[4]  A. Rundle,et al.  Lack of increased risk for extracranial, nonleukemic neoplasms in recipients of recombinant deoxyribonucleic acid growth hormone. , 1995, The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism.

[5]  P. Dejonckere,et al.  Long-term effects of previous oxandrolone treatment in adult women with Turner syndrome. , 2012, European journal of endocrinology.

[6]  V. Ho,et al.  Aortic Dilatation and Dissection in Turner Syndrome , 2007, Circulation.

[7]  L. Sylvén,et al.  Pregnancy rate and outcome in Swedish women with Turner syndrome. , 2011, Fertility and sterility.

[8]  C. Gravholt,et al.  Compromised trabecular microarchitecture and lower finite element estimates of radius and tibia bone strength in adults with turner syndrome: A cross‐sectional study using high‐resolution–pQCT , 2012, Journal of bone and mineral research : the official journal of the American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.

[9]  F van der Veen,et al.  Preimplantation genetic screening: a systematic review and meta-analysis of RCTs. , 2011, Human reproduction update.

[10]  P. Manalo-Estrella,et al.  Histopathologic findings in human aortic media associated with pregnancy. , 1967, Archives of pathology.

[11]  S. Muasher,et al.  Basal follicle-stimulating hormone level is a better predictor of in vitro fertilization performance than age. , 1991, Fertility and sterility.

[12]  S. Colan,et al.  Turner Syndrome Is an Independent Risk Factor for Aortic Dilation in the Young , 2008, Pediatrics.

[13]  J. Rovet,et al.  Behavioral phenotype in children with Turner syndrome. , 1994, Journal of pediatric psychology.

[14]  Richard A. Anderson,et al.  AMH as Predictor of Premature Ovarian Insufficiency: A Longitudinal Study of 120 Turner Syndrome Patients. , 2015, The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism.

[15]  V. Sybert,et al.  Prenatal diagnosis of 45,X/46,XX mosaicism and 45,X: implications for postnatal outcome. , 1995, American journal of human genetics.

[16]  J Gustafsson,et al.  Improved final height in girls with Turner's syndrome treated with growth hormone and oxandrolone. , 1996, The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism.

[17]  H. Timmers,et al.  Safety and Efficacy of Oxandrolone in Growth Hormone-Treated Girls with Turner Syndrome: Evidence from Recent Studies and Recommendations for Use , 2014, Hormone Research in Paediatrics.

[18]  Rossella Fattori,et al.  Gender-Related Differences in Acute Aortic Dissection , 2004, Circulation.

[19]  L. Wilhelmsen,et al.  Hypothyroidism is common in turner syndrome: results of a five-year follow-up. , 2005, The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism.

[20]  C. Gravholt,et al.  Morbidity in Turner syndrome. , 1998, Journal of clinical epidemiology.

[21]  J. Limon,et al.  Root morphology of mandibular premolars in 40 patients with Turner syndrome. , 2005, International endodontic journal.

[22]  G. Conway,et al.  Turner's syndrome: challenges of late diagnosis. , 2014, The lancet. Diabetes & endocrinology.

[23]  T. S. Alexis,et al.  Sexual Function in Women with Turner Syndrome , 2008 .

[24]  H. Kjellberg,et al.  Turner syndrome isochromosome karyotype correlates with decreased dental crown width. , 2012, European journal of orthodontics.

[25]  Henry H. Turner,et al.  A SYNDROME OF INFANTILISM, CONGENITAL WEBBED NECK, AND CUBITUS VALGUS1 , 1938 .

[26]  J. Mallion,et al.  Structural and functional abnormalities of large arteries in the Turner syndrome , 2005, Heart.

[27]  G. Bedoschi,et al.  Fertility Preservation in Women with Turner Syndrome: A Comprehensive Review and Practical Guidelines. , 2016, Journal of pediatric and adolescent gynecology.

[28]  D. Bhartiya,et al.  Y chromosome mosaicism and occurrence of gonadoblastoma in cases of Turner syndrome and amenorrhoea. , 2007, Reproductive biomedicine online.

[29]  D. Larizza,et al.  Aortic dimensions in Turner's syndrome: two-dimensional echocardiography versus magnetic resonance imaging , 2007, Journal of cardiovascular medicine.

[30]  S. Kesler,et al.  Cognitive profile of Turner syndrome. , 2009, Developmental disabilities research reviews.

[31]  P. Saenger,et al.  Carbohydrate metabolism in children receiving growth hormone for 5 years , 1996, Pediatric Nephrology.

[32]  J. Stinson,et al.  A systematic review of transition readiness and transfer satisfaction measures for adolescents with chronic illness , 2014, International journal of adolescent medicine and health.

[33]  C. Gravholt,et al.  Nocturnal hypertension and impaired sympathovagal tone in Turner syndrome , 2006, Journal of hypertension.

[34]  J. Ross,et al.  Developmental changes in motor function in girls with Turner syndrome. , 1996, Pediatric neurology.

[35]  C. Cooper,et al.  Reduced cortical bone density with normal trabecular bone density in girls with Turner syndrome , 2010, Osteoporosis International.

[36]  J. Buchan.  Differential treatment? , 1990, Nursing standard (Royal College of Nursing (Great Britain) : 1987).

[37]  E. Hook.  Exclusion of chromosomal mosaicism: tables of 90%, 95% and 99% confidence limits and comments on use. , 1977, American journal of human genetics.

[38]  P. Backeljauw,et al.  Cardiovascular anomalies in Turner syndrome: spectrum, prevalence, and cardiac MRI findings in a pediatric and young adult population. , 2011, AJR. American journal of roentgenology.

[39]  Brian W. Haas,et al.  Aberrant neurocognitive processing of fear in young girls with Turner syndrome. , 2014, Social cognitive and affective neuroscience.

[40]  A. Reiss,et al.  Reduced functional connectivity during working memory in Turner syndrome. , 2011, Cerebral cortex.

[41]  Brenda J. Crowe,et al.  Growth hormone and low dose estrogen in Turner syndrome: results of a United States multi-center trial to near-final height. , 2002, The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism.

[42]  O. Koulouri,et al.  Liver dysfunction in Turner's syndrome: prevalence, natural history and effect of exogenous oestrogen , 2008, Clinical endocrinology.

[43]  D. Smeets,et al.  Karyotype-Specific Ear and Hearing Problems in Young Adults With Turner Syndrome and the Effect of Oxandrolone Treatment , 2014, Otology & neurotology : official publication of the American Otological Society, American Neurotology Society [and] European Academy of Otology and Neurotology.

[44]  Eileen Daly,et al.  The effects of sex steroids, and the X chromosome, on female brain function: A study of the neuropsychology of adult turner syndrome , 1994, Neuropsychologia.

[45]  D. Choo,et al.  Surgical management of otologic disease in pediatric patients with Turner syndrome. , 2009, International journal of pediatric otorhinolaryngology.

[46]  G. Bedoschi,et al.  Oocyte cryopreservation for fertility preservation in postpubertal female children at risk for premature ovarian failure due to accelerated follicle loss in Turner syndrome or cancer treatments. , 2014, Journal of pediatric and adolescent gynecology.

[47]  I. Rica,et al.  Individualised vs fixed dose of oral 17β-oestradiol for induction of puberty in girls with Turner syndrome: an open-randomised parallel trial. , 2012, European journal of endocrinology.

[48]  P. Mulder,et al.  Long-Term Follow-Up of GH-Treated Girls with Turner Syndrome: BMI, Blood Pressure, Body Proportions , 2009, Hormone Research in Paediatrics.

[49]  E. Jones,et al.  Studying Treatment Intensity: Lessons from Two Preliminary Studies , 2015 .

[50]  J. Ludvigsson,et al.  Turner Syndrome and Celiac Disease: A Case-Control Study , 2016, Pediatrics.

[51]  B. S. Richards.  Slipped capital femoral epiphysis. , 1996, Pediatrics in review.

[52]  K. Devriendt,et al.  Scalp skin lesion in Turner syndrome: more than lymphoedema? , 2005, Clinical dysmorphology.

[53]  T. Cole,et al.  Effect of oxandrolone and timing of pubertal induction on final height in Turner’s syndrome: randomised, double blind, placebo controlled trial , 2011, BMJ : British Medical Journal.

[54]  E. Zackai,et al.  Detection of mutually exclusive mosaicism in a girl with genotype‐phenotype discrepancies , 2015, American journal of medical genetics. Part A.

[55]  P. Chanson,et al.  Spontaneous fertility and pregnancy outcomes amongst 480 women with Turner syndrome. , 2016, Human reproduction.

[56]  E. Clark,et al.  Neck web and congenital heart defects: a pathogenic association in 45 X-O Turner syndrome? , 1984, Teratology.

[57]  F. Darendeliler,et al.  Headache, Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension and Slipped Capital Femoral Epiphysis during Growth Hormone Treatment: A Safety Update from the KIGS Database , 2007, Hormone Research in Paediatrics.

[58]  N. Baena,et al.  Turner syndrome: Evaluation of prenatal diagnosis in 19 European registries , 2004, American journal of medical genetics. Part A.

[59]  L. Alvesalo,et al.  Palatine ridges and tongue position in Turner syndrome subjects. , 2008, European journal of orthodontics.

[60]  D. Harvey,et al.  Common and specific impairments in attention functioning in girls with chromosome 22q11.2 deletion, fragile X or Turner syndromes , 2014, Journal of Neurodevelopmental Disorders.

[61]  A. Attanasio,et al.  Glucose metabolism in Ullrich Turner syndrome: long-term effects of therapy with human growth hormone. German Lilly UTS Study Group. , 1993, Hormone research.

[62]  G. Binder,et al.  Radiological Signs of Leri-Weill Dyschondrosteosis in Turner Syndrome , 2001, Hormone Research in Paediatrics.

[63]  L. Schwartz,et al.  A social-ecological model of readiness for transition to adult-oriented care for adolescents and young adults with chronic health conditions. , 2011, Child: care, health and development.

[64]  T. Stijnen,et al.  Effect of discontinuation of long-term growth hormone treatment on carbohydrate metabolism and risk factors for cardiovascular disease in girls with Turner syndrome. , 2002, The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism.

[65]  D. Reutens,et al.  Social cognition in Turner’s Syndrome , 2010, Journal of Clinical Neuroscience.

[66]  D. Dunger,et al.  Turner's syndrome in adulthood. , 2002, Endocrine reviews.

[67]  L. Mazzanti,et al.  Adult height in girls with Turner syndrome treated from before 6 years of age with a fixed per kilogram GH dose. , 2013, European journal of endocrinology.

[68]  J. Sólyom,et al.  Y-chromosome markers in Turner syndrome: Screening of 130 patients. , 2010, Journal of endocrinological investigation.

[69]  H Brkic,et al.  Characteristics of the craniofacial complex in Turner syndrome. , 2010, Archives of oral biology.

[70]  C. Moutou,et al.  ESHRE PGD Consortium data collection XI: cycles from January to December 2008 with pregnancy follow-up to October 2009. , 2012, Human reproduction.

[71]  J. Arrese,et al.  Effects of human growth hormone therapy on melanocytic naevi , 1993, The Lancet.

[72]  G. Conway,et al.  Oocyte cryopreservation after controlled ovarian hyperstimulation in mosaic Turner syndrome: another fertility preservation option in a dedicated UK clinic , 2010, BJOG : an international journal of obstetrics and gynaecology.

[73]  B. Birgit,et al.  Fertility Preservation in Girls with Turner Syndrome: Prognostic Signs of the Presence of Ovarian Follicles , 2009 .

[74]  M. Ranke,et al.  Left middle finger metacarpophalangeal growth in Turner syndrome. Normal values and changes after growth hormone treatment. , 1991, Hormone research.

[75]  C. Bondy,et al.  Reduced abdominal adiposity and improved glucose tolerance in growth hormone-treated girls with Turner syndrome. , 2008, The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism.

[76]  R. Elnecave,et al.  Portal Vein Thrombosis and High Factor VIII in Turner Syndrome , 2006, Hormone Research in Paediatrics.

[77]  D. Cavalcanti,et al.  Scalp lesions in Turner syndrome: a result of lymphoedema? , 2004, Clinical dysmorphology.

[78]  V. Ho,et al.  Association Between Fetal Lymphedema and Congenital Cardiovascular Defects in Turner Syndrome , 2005, Pediatrics.

[79]  D. Page,et al.  Molecular mapping of the putative gonadoblastoma locus on the Y chromosome , 1995, Genes, chromosomes & cancer.

[80]  F. Claas,et al.  Clinical and immunologic aspects of egg donation pregnancies: a systematic review. , 2010, Human reproduction update.

[81]  S. Rivkees,et al.  A highly sensitive, high-throughput assay for the detection of Turner syndrome. , 2011, The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism.

[82]  P. Backeljauw,et al.  Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging in Turner syndrome , 2013, Clinical endocrinology.

[83]  C. Deal,et al.  Genomic imprinting in Turner syndrome: effects on response to growth hormone and on risk of sensorineural hearing loss. , 2006, The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism.

[84]  A. Armstrong,et al.  Prevalence of pilomatricoma in Turner syndrome: findings from a multicenter study. , 2013, JAMA dermatology.

[85]  G. Conway,et al.  Adipokine dysregulation in turner syndrome: comparison of circulating interleukin-6 and leptin concentrations with measures of adiposity and C-reactive protein. , 2005, The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism.

[86]  M. Mazzocco,et al.  Assessing Executive Dysfunction in Girls With Fragile X or Turner Syndrome Using the Contingency Naming Test (CNT) , 2005, Developmental neuropsychology.

[87]  L. Mazzanti,et al.  Congenital heart disease in patients with Turner’s syndrome , 1998 .

[88]  P. Jouannet,et al.  Careful cardiovascular screening and follow-up of women with Turner syndrome before and during pregnancy is necessary to prevent maternal mortality. , 2009, Fertility and sterility.

[89]  F. Tomlinson,et al.  Growth rates and the prevalence and progression of scoliosis in short-statured children on Australian growth hormone treatment programmes , 2007, Scoliosis.

[90]  B. Prahl-Andersen,et al.  Effect of growth hormone treatment on craniofacial growth in Turner's syndrome , 1993, Acta paediatrica.

[91]  J. Ross,et al.  Shyness, social anxiety, and impaired self-esteem in Turner syndrome and premature ovarian failure. , 2006, JAMA.

[92]  R. Milne,et al.  Recombinant growth hormone for children and adolescents with Turner syndrome. , 2007, The Cochrane database of systematic reviews.

[93]  M. Silberbach,et al.  Dissection of the aorta in Turner syndrome: two cases and review of 85 cases in the literature , 2007, Journal of Medical Genetics.

[94]  H. Gollnick,et al.  [Alopecia areata and diffuse hypotrichosis associated with Ullrich-Turner syndrome. Presentation of 4 patients]. , 1993, Der Hautarzt; Zeitschrift fur Dermatologie, Venerologie, und verwandte Gebiete.

[95]  P. A. Jacobs,et al.  Evidence from Turner's syndrome of an imprinted X-linked locus affecting cognitive function , 1997, Nature.

[96]  R. Furlanetto,et al.  Comparison of Transdermal and Oral Estrogen Therapy in Girls with Turner's Syndrome , 1995, Journal of pediatric endocrinology & metabolism : JPEM.

[97]  E. Vilain,et al.  SRY-negative XX fetus with complete male phenotype , 1994, The Lancet.

[98]  L. Goldsmith,et al.  Melanocytic Nevi in Turner Syndrome , 1994, Pediatric dermatology.

[99]  G. Ambler,et al.  Growth hormone treatment for Turner syndrome in Australia reveals that younger age and increased dose interact to improve response , 2011, Clinical endocrinology.

[100]  L. Wilhelmsen,et al.  Cardiac malformations and hypertension, but not metabolic risk factors, are common in Turner syndrome. , 2001, The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism.

[101]  D. Larizza,et al.  Prevalence and incidence of scoliosis in Turner syndrome: a study in 49 girls followed-up for 4 years. , 2011, European journal of physical and rehabilitation medicine.

[102]  B. Pennington,et al.  Elucidating X chromosome influences on Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder and executive function. , 2015, Journal of psychiatric research.

[103]  L. Hoefsloot,et al.  Buccal cell FISH and blood PCR-Y detect high rates of X chromosomal mosaicism and Y chromosomal derivatives in patients with Turner syndrome. , 2013, European journal of medical genetics.

[104]  F. Hirahara,et al.  Health management of adults with Turner Syndrome: An attempt at multidisciplinary medical care by gynecologists in cooperation with specialists from other fields , 2011, The journal of obstetrics and gynaecology research.

[105]  C. Gravholt,et al.  Prediction of aortic dilation in Turner syndrome - enhancing the use of serial cardiovascular magnetic resonance , 2013, Journal of Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance.

[106]  V. Ho,et al.  Prolongation of the Cardiac QTc Interval in Turner Syndrome , 2006, Medicine.

[107]  G. Stefanatos,et al.  Androgen-responsive aspects of cognition in girls with Turner syndrome. , 2003, The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism.

[108]  Seang Tan,et al.  Cryopreservation of a mother's oocytes for possible future use by her daughter with Turner syndrome: case report. , 2008, Fertility and sterility.

[109]  C. Deal,et al.  Empathy, autistic traits, and motor resonance in adults with Turner syndrome , 2014, Social neuroscience.

[110]  I. Dhooge,et al.  Otologic Disease in Turner Syndrome , 2005, Otology & neurotology : official publication of the American Otological Society, American Neurotology Society [and] European Academy of Otology and Neurotology.

[111]  R. Henderson,et al.  Kyphosis in a Turner syndrome population. , 2002, Pediatrics.

[112]  T. Stijnen,et al.  The effects of long-term growth hormone treatment on cardiac left ventricular dimensions and blood pressure in girls with Turner's syndrome. Dutch Working Group on Growth Hormone. , 1999, The Journal of pediatrics.

[113]  C. Quigley,et al.  Ascertainment Bias in Turner Syndrome: New Insights From Girls Who Were Diagnosed Incidentally in Prenatal Life , 2004, Pediatrics.

[114]  C. Gravholt,et al.  Body Composition and Physical Fitness Are Major Determinants of the Growth Hormone-Insulin-Like Growth Factor Axis Aberrations in Adult Turner’s Syndrome, with Important Modulations by Treatment with 17β-Estradiol1 , 1997 .

[115]  D. Page.  Y chromosome sequences in Turner's syndrome and risk of gonadoblastoma or virilisation , 1994, The Lancet.

[116]  A. Swerdlow,et al.  Cancer incidence in women with Turner syndrome in Great Britain: a national cohort study. , 2008, The Lancet. Oncology.

[117]  M. Procházka,et al.  Low‐level 45,X/46,XX mosaicism is not associated with congenital heart disease and thoracic aorta dilatation:prospective magnetic resonance imaging and ultrasound study , 2015, Ultrasound in obstetrics & gynecology : the official journal of the International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology.

[118]  A. Noczyńska,et al.  Evaluation of hearing organ in patients with Turner syndrome. , 2008, International journal of pediatric otorhinolaryngology.

[119]  V. Aboyans,et al.  [2014 ESC Guidelines on the diagnosis and treatment of aortic diseases]. , 2014, Kardiologia polska.

[120]  D. Amor,et al.  Fertility in Turner syndrome , 2013, Clinical endocrinology.

[121]  G. Salzano,et al.  Peculiarities of autoimmune thyroid diseases in children with Turner or Down syndrome: an overview , 2015, Italian Journal of Pediatrics.

[122]  Brenda J. Crowe,et al.  Growth hormone treatment of early growth failure in toddlers with Turner syndrome: a randomized, controlled, multicenter trial. , 2007, The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism.

[123]  J. Ross,et al.  Psychosocial Development in Adolescents with Turner Syndrome , 2001, Journal of developmental and behavioral pediatrics : JDBP.

[124]  K. Eagle,et al.  Characterizing the young patient with aortic dissection: results from the International Registry of Aortic Dissection (IRAD). , 2003, Journal of the American College of Cardiology.

[125]  H. Meyer-Bahlburg,et al.  Cognitive Ability and Everyday Functioning in Women with Turner Syndrome , 1991, Journal of learning disabilities.

[126]  A. Denniston,et al.  Ophthalmic features of Turner's syndrome , 2004, Eye.

[127]  D. Skuse,et al.  Interpreting gaze in Turner syndrome: impaired sensitivity to intention and emotion, but preservation of social cueing , 2003, Neuropsychologia.

[128]  R. Cífková,et al.  ESHRE Guideline: management of women with premature ovarian insufficiency. , 2016, Human Reproduction.

[129]  D P Orr,et al.  Transition from child-centered to adult health-care systems for adolescents with chronic conditions. A position paper of the Society for Adolescent Medicine. , 1993, The Journal of adolescent health : official publication of the Society for Adolescent Medicine.

[130]  Turner syndrome revisited: review of new data supports the hypothesis that all viable 45,X cases are cryptic mosaics with a rescue cell line, implying an origin by mitotic loss , 2014, Human Genetics.

[131]  U. Rosenhall,et al.  A longitudinal study of hearing decline in women with Turner syndrome , 2009, Acta oto-laryngologica.

[132]  Susan M Sawyer,et al.  Adolescents with a chronic condition: challenges living, challenges treating , 2007, The Lancet.

[133]  M. Craen,et al.  Health and Psychosocial Status of Patients with Turner Syndrome after Transition to Adulthood: The Belgian Experience , 2004, Hormone Research in Paediatrics.

[134]  L. Regan,et al.  Epidemiology and the medical causes of miscarriage. , 2000, Bailliere's best practice & research. Clinical obstetrics & gynaecology.

[135]  Svend Juul,et al.  Prevalence, incidence, diagnostic delay, and mortality in Turner syndrome. , 2006, The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism.

[136]  C. Bondy,et al.  Care of girls and women with Turner syndrome: a guideline of the Turner Syndrome Study Group. , 2007, The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism.

[137]  C. Gravholt,et al.  Prolonged QT interval and cardiac arrest after a single dose of amiodarone in a woman with Turner's syndrome , 2017, Clinical case reports.

[138]  A. Lin,et al.  Proposal for a national registry to monitor women with Turner syndrome seeking assisted reproductive technology. , 2016, Fertility and sterility.

[139]  E. Roche,et al.  Mode of initial presentation and chromosomal abnormalities in Irish patients with Turner syndrome: a single-centre experience , 2015, Journal of pediatric endocrinology & metabolism : JPEM.

[140]  Catherine Mogil,et al.  Evidence-Based Social Skills Training for Adolescents with Autism Spectrum Disorders: The UCLA PEERS Program , 2012, Journal of autism and developmental disorders.

[141]  H. Oflaz,et al.  Atrial and Ventricular Arryhthmogenic Potential in Turner Syndrome , 2008, Pacing and clinical electrophysiology : PACE.

[142]  E. Shephard,et al.  Exceptional lexical skills but executive language deficits in school starters and young adults with Turners syndrome: Implications for X chromosome effects on brain function , 2012, Brain and Language.

[143]  S. Warren,et al.  Differential treatment intensity research: a missing link to creating optimally effective communication interventions. , 2007, Mental retardation and developmental disabilities research reviews.

[144]  A. Pasquino,et al.  Pregnancy in patients with Turner's syndrome: six new cases and review of literature. , 1998, Gynecological endocrinology : the official journal of the International Society of Gynecological Endocrinology.

[145]  J. Moller,et al.  Frequency and outcomes of cardiac operations and catheter interventions in Turner syndrome. , 2012, The American journal of cardiology.

[146]  N. Mauras,et al.  Metabolic effects of oral versus transdermal estrogen in growth hormone-treated girls with turner syndrome. , 2007, The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism.

[147]  L. Rabin,et al.  Assessment practices of clinical neuropsychologists in the United States and Canada: a survey of INS, NAN, and APA Division 40 members. , 2005, Archives of clinical neuropsychology : the official journal of the National Academy of Neuropsychologists.

[148]  D. Webb,et al.  Cardiovascular Effects of Physiological and Standard Sex Steroid Replacement Regimens in Premature Ovarian Failure , 2009, Hypertension.

[149]  L. Lopez,et al.  Moderate Aortic Enlargement and Bicuspid Aortic Valve Are Associated With Aortic Dissection in Turner Syndrome: Report of the International Turner Syndrome Aortic Dissection Registry , 2012, Circulation.

[150]  E. M. Pedersen,et al.  Abnormalities of the major intrathoracic arteries in Turner syndrome as revealed by magnetic resonance imaging , 2010, Cardiology in the Young.

[151]  D. V. Van Dyke,et al.  Detection of low level sex chromosome mosaicism in Ullrich–Turner syndrome patients , 2005, American journal of medical genetics. Part A.

[152]  M. Segni,et al.  Adult height in sixty girls with Turner syndrome treated with growth hormone matched with an untreated group , 2005, Journal of endocrinological investigation.

[153]  O. Hovatta,et al.  Turner's syndrome and pregnancies after oocyte donation. , 1999, Human reproduction.

[154]  Mark S. Anderson,et al.  The role of X-linked FOXP3 in the autoimmune susceptibility of Turner Syndrome patients. , 2009, Clinical immunology.

[155]  J. Keyak,et al.  Increased Prevalence of Scoliosis in Turner Syndrome , 2001, Journal of pediatric orthopedics.

[156]  C. Bondy,et al.  The importance of estrogen replacement in young women with Turner syndrome. , 2003, Journal of women's health.

[157]  V. Ho,et al.  Major Vascular Anomalies in Turner Syndrome: Prevalence and Magnetic Resonance Angiographic Features , 2004, Circulation.

[158]  T. Shawker,et al.  Uterine development in Turner syndrome. , 2007, The Journal of pediatrics.

[159]  G. Neri,et al.  Cutis verticis gyrata and chromosomal abnormalities. , 1989, American journal of diseases of children.

[160]  E. Zackai,et al.  Increased prevalence of ADHD in Turner syndrome with no evidence of imprinting effects. , 2006, Journal of pediatric psychology.

[161]  D. Larizza,et al.  Serum liver enzymes in Turner syndrome , 2000, European Journal of Pediatrics.

[162]  L. Sävendahl,et al.  Delayed diagnoses of Turner's syndrome: proposed guidelines for change. , 2000, The Journal of pediatrics.

[163]  E. Jackvony,et al.  Randomized controlled trial testing the effects of weight loss on nonalcoholic steatohepatitis , 2010, Hepatology.

[164]  C. Gravholt,et al.  Occurrence of gonadoblastoma in females with Turner syndrome and Y chromosome material: a population study. , 2000, The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism.

[165]  Elie A Akl,et al.  GRADE guidelines: 14. Going from evidence to recommendations: the significance and presentation of recommendations. , 2013, Journal of clinical epidemiology.

[166]  M. Gass,et al.  The North American Menopause Society recommendations for clinical care of midlife women. , 2014, Menopause.

[167]  C. Gravholt,et al.  Glucose Metabolism, Lipid Metabolism, and Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Adult Turner's Syndrome: The impact of sex hormone replacement , 1998, Diabetes Care.

[168]  M. Domellöf,et al.  Perioperative nutrition in extremely preterm infants undergoing surgical treatment for patent ductus arteriosus is suboptimal , 2014, Acta paediatrica.

[169]  R. J. Mitchell,et al.  Effect of Turner's syndrome and X-linked imprinting on cognitive status: analysis based on pedigree data , 2005, Brain and Development.

[170]  A. Hollman,et al.  Poor uterine development in Turner syndrome with oral oestrogen therapy , 2002, Clinical endocrinology.

[171]  B. Buckingham,et al.  Cognitive and Behavioral Characteristics of Turner Syndrome: Exploring a Role for Ovarian Hormones in Female Sexual Differentiation , 2002, Hormones and Behavior.

[172]  G. Guerra‐Júnior,et al.  The influence of parental origin of X chromosome genes on the stature of patients with 45 X Turner syndrome. , 2007, Genetics and molecular research : GMR.

[173]  A. Pasquino,et al.  Recommendations for the diagnosis and management of Turner syndrome. , 2001, The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism.

[174]  S. Putte.  Lymphatic malformation in human fetuses , 1977, Virchows Archiv A.

[175]  E. Seemanová,et al.  Mosaicism in 45,X Turner syndrome: does survival in early pregnancy depend on the presence of two sex chromosomes? , 2004, Human Genetics.

[176]  O. Hovatta,et al.  Fertility preservation in girls with turner syndrome: prognostic signs of the presence of ovarian follicles. , 2009, The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism.

[177]  P. Erwin,et al.  Effect of estrogen replacement therapy on bone and cardiovascular outcomes in women with turner syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis , 2017, Endocrine.

[178]  C. Teinturier,et al.  Aortic dilatation in Turner syndrome: the role of MRI in early recognition , 2005, Pediatric Radiology.

[179]  R. Baxter,et al.  Estrogens exert route- and dose-dependent effects on insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-binding protein-3 and the acid-labile subunit of the IGF ternary complex. , 2000, The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism.

[180]  Sarah J. Hart,et al.  Visuospatial executive function in Turner syndrome: functional MRI and neurocognitive findings , 2006, Brain : a journal of neurology.

[181]  V. Sybert.  Cardiovascular Malformations and Complications in Turner Syndrome , 1998, Pediatrics.

[182]  J. Manson,et al.  Postmenopausal hormone therapy: an Endocrine Society scientific statement. , 2010, The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism.

[183]  T. Cole,et al.  Body proportions during long-term growth hormone treatment in girls with Turner syndrome participating in a randomized dose-response trial. , 1999, The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism.

[184]  E. V. van Asseldonk,et al.  Decreased Movement Speed in Girls with Turner Syndrome: A Problem in Motor Planning or Muscle Initiation? , 2004, Journal of clinical and experimental neuropsychology.

[185]  Z. Hochberg,et al.  Normal DXA bone mineral density but frail cortical bone in Turner's syndrome , 2007, Clinical endocrinology.

[186]  D. Toniolo,et al.  X chromosome and ovarian failure. , 2007, Seminars in reproductive medicine.

[187]  C. Gravholt,et al.  A 6‐year Follow‐up survey of health status in middle‐aged women with Turner syndrome , 2016, Clinical endocrinology.

[188]  H. Kjellberg,et al.  Altered inorganic composition of dental enamel and dentin in primary teeth from girls with Turner syndrome. , 2010, European journal of oral sciences.

[189]  E. Zimmer,et al.  A characteristic cluster of fetal sonographic markers that are predictive of fetal Turner syndrome in early pregnancy. , 2003, American journal of obstetrics and gynecology.

[190]  N. Stahnke,et al.  Favorable Final Height Outcome in Girls with Ullrich-Turner Syndrome Treated with Low-Dose Growth Hormone Together with Oxandrolone Despite Starting Treatment After 10 Years of Age , 2002, Journal of pediatric endocrinology & metabolism : JPEM.

[191]  R. Reindollar,et al.  Turner Syndrome: Contemporary Thoughts and Reproductive Issues , 2011, Seminars in reproductive medicine.

[192]  W. Proffit,et al.  The effect of growth hormone on craniofacial growth and dental maturation in Turner syndrome. , 2001, The Angle orthodontist.

[193]  Marina Danckaerts,et al.  Behavioral interventions in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials across multiple outcome domains. , 2014, Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry.

[194]  H. Wollmann,et al.  Accurate Long-Term Prediction of Height during the First Four Years of Growth Hormone Treatment in Prepubertal Children with Growth Hormone Deficiency or Turner Syndrome , 2012, Hormone Research in Paediatrics.

[195]  J. Studd,et al.  Oocyte donation in Turner's syndrome: an analysis of the factors affecting the outcome. , 1997, Human reproduction.

[196]  I. Bryman,et al.  Elevated liver enzymes in Turner syndrome during a 5‐year follow‐up study , 2008, Clinical endocrinology.

[197]  L. Nelson,et al.  Effects of ovarian failure and X-chromosome deletion on body composition and insulin sensitivity in young women , 2006, Menopause.

[198]  M. Frydenberg,et al.  Socioeconomic parameters and mortality in Turner syndrome. , 2012, European journal of endocrinology.

[199]  B. V. VON Schoultz,et al.  Middle-aged women with Turner's syndrome. Medical status, hormonal treatment and social life. , 1991, Acta endocrinologica.

[200]  C. Gravholt,et al.  Long QT Interval in Turner Syndrome – A High Prevalence of LQTS Gene Mutations , 2013, PloS one.

[201]  R. Berkowitz,et al.  Fetal cystic hygroma. Cause and natural history. , 1983, The New England journal of medicine.

[202]  N. Mauras,et al.  Salutary effects of combining early very low-dose systemic estradiol with growth hormone therapy in girls with Turner syndrome. , 2005, The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism.

[203]  V. Sybert.  Phenotypic effects of mosaicism for a 47,XXX cell line in Turner syndrome , 2002, Journal of medical genetics.

[204]  C. Gravholt,et al.  Quantitative liver functions in Turner syndrome with and without hormone replacement therapy. , 2007, European journal of endocrinology.

[205]  N. Skakkebaek,et al.  Inhibin A and B in adolescents and young adults with Turner's syndrome and no sign of spontaneous puberty. , 2002, Human reproduction.

[206]  J. László,et al.  Lymph vessel defects in patients with ovarian dysgenesis. , 1981, Clinical genetics.

[207]  L. Sagi,et al.  Clinical significance of the parental origin of the X chromosome in turner syndrome. , 2007, The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism.

[208]  K. Parker,et al.  Long-term safety of recombinant human growth hormone in children. , 2010, The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism.

[209]  J. Carel,et al.  Near normalization of final height with adapted doses of growth hormone in Turner's syndrome. , 1998, The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism.

[210]  D. Wynne,et al.  Cholesteatoma has a high prevalence in Turner syndrome, highlighting the need for earlier diagnosis and the potential benefits of otoscopy training for paediatricians , 2014, Acta paediatrica.

[211]  S. V. D. van der Putte.  Lymphatic malformation in human fetuses. A study of fetuses with Turner's syndrome or status Bonnevie-Ullrich. , 1977, Virchows Archiv. A, Pathological anatomy and histology.

[212]  G. Öcal,,et al.  Depression, Levels of Anxiety and Self-Concept in Girls with Turner's Syndrome , 2005, Journal of pediatric endocrinology & metabolism : JPEM.

[213]  C. Bondy,et al.  Monosomy for the X-chromosome is associated with an atherogenic lipid profile. , 2006, The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism.

[214]  O. Ullrich,et al.  Über typische Kombinationsbilder multipler Abartungen , 1930, Zeitschrift für Kinderheilkunde.

[215]  B. Daly,et al.  The Role of Neuropsychological Evaluation in Pediatric Sickle Cell Disease , 2011, The Clinical neuropsychologist.

[216]  G. Conway,et al.  The impact of obesity on cardiovascular risk factors in Turner's syndrome , 1998, Clinical endocrinology.

[217]  G. Salzano,et al.  Early treatment with GH alone in Turner syndrome: prepubertal catch-up growth and waning effect. , 2004, European journal of endocrinology.

[218]  F. Cassorla,et al.  A preliminary study of the effect of estrogen dose on growth in Turner's syndrome. , 1983, The New England journal of medicine.

[219]  R. Gallego,et al.  Papillary thyroid carcinoma after recombinant GH therapy for Turner syndrome. , 2005, European journal of endocrinology.

[220]  O. Inozemtseva,et al.  Syntactic Processing in Turner's Syndrome , 2002, Journal of child neurology.

[221]  F. Alla,et al.  Low dose oestrogen combined oral contraception and risk of pulmonary embolism, stroke, and myocardial infarction in five million French women: cohort study , 2016, British Medical Journal.

[222]  J. Ross,et al.  Self‐Esteem and Behavior in Girls with Turner Syndrome , 1995, Journal of developmental and behavioral pediatrics : JDBP.

[223]  J. Arnett.  Emerging adulthood. A theory of development from the late teens through the twenties. , 2000, The American psychologist.

[224]  V. Montori,et al.  Oral vs Transdermal Estrogen Therapy and Vascular Events: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. , 2015, The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism.

[225]  N. M. Lau,et al.  Feasibility of fertility preservation in young females with Turner syndrome. , 2009, Reproductive biomedicine online.

[226]  Christine Robitschek,et al.  Vocational Psychology: Using One of Counseling Psychology's Strengths to Foster Human Strength , 2006 .

[227]  M. Gussinyé,et al.  Spontaneous, But Not Induced, Puberty Permits Adequate Bone Mass Acquisition in Adolescent Turner Syndrome Patients , 2000, Journal of bone and mineral research : the official journal of the American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.

[228]  J. Hansen,et al.  Fertility and pregnancy outcome in Danish women with Turner syndrome , 2002, Clinical genetics.

[229]  C. Cowell,et al.  Factors Predictive of Response to Growth Hormone Therapy in Turner's Syndrome , 1997, Journal of pediatric endocrinology & metabolism : JPEM.

[230]  D. Botsis,et al.  Response to hormonal treatment of young females with primary or very premature ovarian failure , 2011, Gynecological endocrinology : the official journal of the International Society of Gynecological Endocrinology.

[231]  T. Stijnen,et al.  Normalization of height in girls with Turner syndrome after long-term growth hormone treatment: results of a randomized dose-response trial. , 1999, The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism.

[232]  J. Foy.  Enhancing pediatric mental health care: report from the American Academy of Pediatrics Task Force on Mental Health. Introduction. , 2010, Pediatrics.

[233]  J. Whitmire,et al.  Epigenetic Dysfunction in Turner Syndrome Immune Cells , 2016, Current Allergy and Asthma Reports.

[234]  L. Mosekilde,et al.  Long-term hormone replacement therapy preserves bone mineral density in Turner syndrome. , 2009, European journal of endocrinology.

[235]  P. Chou,et al.  Gastrointestinal bleeding in Turner's syndrome: a case report and literature review. , 2002, Journal of pediatric gastroenterology and nutrition.

[236]  Daynna J Wolff,et al.  Laboratory guideline for Turner syndrome , 2010, Genetics in Medicine.

[237]  L. Mazzanti,et al.  Heart disease in Turner's syndrome. , 1988, Helvetica paediatrica acta.

[238]  N. Mauras,et al.  Metabolic effects of oral versus transdermal 17β-estradiol (E₂): a randomized clinical trial in girls with Turner syndrome. , 2013, The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism.

[239]  P. Rogers,et al.  Turner's syndrome patients lack tight junctions between uterine epithelial cells. , 1992, Human reproduction.

[240]  A. Reiss,et al.  Sex differences in amygdala shape: Insights from Turner syndrome , 2016, Human brain mapping.

[241]  E. M. Pedersen,et al.  Aortic Dimensions in Girls and Young Women with Turner Syndrome: A Magnetic Resonance Imaging Study , 2010, Pediatric Cardiology.

[242]  B. Smits-Engelsman,et al.  Motor performance in girls with Turner syndrome , 2000, Developmental medicine and child neurology.

[243]  David R. Murdock,et al.  Whole-Exome Sequencing for Diagnosis of Turner Syndrome: Toward Next-Generation Sequencing and Newborn Screening , 2017, The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism.

[244]  A. Zinn,et al.  Cognition and the Sex Chromosomes: Studies in Turner Syndrome , 2006, Hormone Research in Paediatrics.

[245]  E. Gutmark,et al.  Coronary artery anomalies in Turner Syndrome. , 2016, Journal of cardiovascular computed tomography.

[246]  Wyatt,et al.  Influence of genetic and environmental factors on melanocytic naevi: a lesson from Turner's syndrome , 1998, The British journal of dermatology.

[247]  W. Fraser,et al.  Undiagnosed morbidity in adult women with Turner's syndrome , 1996, Clinical endocrinology.

[248]  M. Polak,et al.  Fertility preservation in Turner syndrome. , 2016, Fertility and sterility.

[249]  C. Bondy,et al.  Prolonged Rate-Corrected QT Interval and Other Electrocardiogram Abnormalities in Girls With Turner Syndrome , 2006, Pediatrics.

[250]  L. Mazzanti,et al.  Congenital heart disease in patients with Turner's syndrome. Italian Study Group for Turner Syndrome (ISGTS). , 1998, The Journal of pediatrics.

[251]  T. Hadnott,et al.  Outcomes of spontaneous and assisted pregnancies in Turner syndrome: the U.S. National Institutes of Health experience. , 2011, Fertility and sterility.

[252]  K. Ormond,et al.  Non-invasive prenatal testing for aneuploidy and beyond: challenges of responsible innovation in prenatal screening , 2015, European Journal of Human Genetics.

[253]  L. Wilhelmsen,et al.  Sunlight increases serum 25(OH) vitamin D concentration whereas 1,25(OH)2D3 is unaffected. Results from a general population study in Göteborg, Sweden (The WHO MONICA Project). , 1995, European journal of clinical nutrition.

[254]  S. Thung,et al.  Hepatocellular carcinoma and congenital absence of the portal vein in a child receiving growth hormone therapy for turner syndrome. , 2007, Seminars in liver disease.

[255]  M. Leppert,et al.  Cytogenetic and molecular analysis of sex-chromosome monosomy. , 1988, American journal of human genetics.

[256]  L. Dimeglio,et al.  Conjugated oral versus transdermal estrogen replacement in girls with Turner syndrome: a pilot comparative study. , 2009, The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism.

[257]  C. Elie,et al.  Self-esteem and social adjustment in young women with Turner syndrome--influence of pubertal management and sexuality: population-based cohort study. , 2006, The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism.

[258]  A. Zinn,et al.  A Turner syndrome neurocognitive phenotype maps to Xp 22 . 3 , 2007 .

[259]  G. Oliver,et al.  Outcome of ovum donation in Turner's syndrome patients. , 1995, Fertility and sterility.

[260]  F. Hirahara,et al.  Efficacy of estrogen replacement therapy (ERT) on uterine growth and acquisition of bone mass in patients with Turner syndrome. , 2015, Endocrine journal.

[261]  S. E. Harris,et al.  Conservation of fertility and oocyte genetics in a young woman with mosaic Turner syndrome , 2010, BJOG : an international journal of obstetrics and gynaecology.

[262]  J. Ross,et al.  Prospective Study Confirms Oxandrolone-Associated Improvement in Height in Growth Hormone-Treated Adolescent Girls with Turner Syndrome , 2010, Hormone Research in Paediatrics.

[263]  N. Mauras,et al.  Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of oral and transdermal 17β estradiol in girls with Turner syndrome. , 2011, The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism.

[264]  V. Beral,et al.  Venous thromboembolism risk in relation to use of different types of postmenopausal hormone therapy in a large prospective study , 2012, Journal of thrombosis and haemostasis : JTH.

[265]  E. Hook,et al.  The distribution of chromosomal genotypes associated with Turner's syndrome: livebirth prevalence rates and evidence for diminished fetal mortality and severity in genotypes associated with structural X abnormalities or mosaicism , 2004, Human Genetics.

[266]  J. Reichle,et al.  Describing treatment intensity in milieu teaching interventions for children with developmental disabilities: a review. , 2014, Language, speech, and hearing services in schools.

[267]  A. Rosenthal,et al.  Pseudoautosomal deletions encompassing a novel homeobox gene cause growth failure in idiopathic short stature and Turner syndrome , 1997, Nature Genetics.

[268]  C. Gravholt,et al.  Reference values for body proportions and body composition in adult women with Ullrich-Turner syndrome. , 1997, American journal of medical genetics.

[269]  J. Rovet.  The Psychoeducational Characteristics of Children with Turner Syndrome , 1993, Journal of learning disabilities.

[270]  Catriona A. Syme,et al.  Impaired endothelial function in pediatric patients with turner syndrome and healthy controls: a case-control study , 2012, International Journal of Pediatric Endocrinology.

[271]  M. Davenport,et al.  Approach to the patient with Turner syndrome. , 2010, The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism.

[272]  Jimmy D Bell,et al.  Excess visceral and hepatic adipose tissue in Turner syndrome determined by magnetic resonance imaging: estrogen deficiency associated with hepatic adipose content. , 2005, The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism.

[273]  E. M. Pedersen,et al.  Subclinical left ventricular dysfunction in normotensive women with Turner’s syndrome , 2006, Heart.

[274]  N. Waller,et al.  Taxonicity of nonverbal learning disabilities in spina bifida , 2006, Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society.

[275]  P. Jacobs,et al.  X chromosome loss and ageing , 2007, Cytogenetic and Genome Research.

[276]  C. Gravholt,et al.  Clinical practice in Turner syndrome , 2005, Nature Clinical Practice Endocrinology &Metabolism.

[277]  J. Ko,et al.  Influence of parental origin of the X chromosome on physical phenotypes and GH responsiveness of patients with Turner syndrome , 2010, Clinical endocrinology.

[278]  L. Sylvén,et al.  Absence of autoantibodies connected to autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome type I and II and Addison's disease in girls and women with Turner syndrome , 2007, Journal of Negative Results in BioMedicine.

[279]  Elysa J. Marco,et al.  Autism-lessons from the X chromosome. , 2006, Social cognitive and affective neuroscience.

[280]  G. Conway,et al.  Hearing impairment and low bone mineral density increase the risk of bone fractures in women with Turner's syndrome , 2006, Clinical endocrinology.

[281]  H. Dörr,et al.  Cardiovascular anomalies in children and young adults with Ullrich‐Turner syndrome—the erlangen experience , 2005, Clinical cardiology.

[282]  N. Iwatani,et al.  Recurrent dislocation of the patella in Turner's syndrome. , 1994, Journal of pediatric orthopedics.

[283]  Nagel Tc,et al.  ART and high risk patients , 1997 .

[284]  G. Repetto,et al.  Y Chromosome Sequences in Turner's Syndrome: Association with Virilization and Gonadoblastoma , 2003, Journal of pediatric endocrinology & metabolism : JPEM.

[285]  I. Bryman,et al.  Morbidity and mortality after childbirth in women with Turner karyotype. , 2013, Human reproduction.

[286]  T. DeBoer,et al.  Overlapping numerical cognition impairments in children with chromosome 22q11.2 deletion or Turner syndromes , 2008, Neuropsychologia.

[287]  B. Oran,et al.  Atherogenic Lipid Profile and Systolic Blood Pressure are Associated with Carotid Artery Intima-media Thickness in Children with Turner Syndrome , 2008, Journal of clinical research in pediatric endocrinology.

[288]  C. Dacou-voutetakis,et al.  Psoriasis and blue sclerae in girls with Turner syndrome. , 1996, Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology.

[289]  P. Vestergaard,et al.  Increased fracture rates in Turner's syndrome: a nationwide questionnaire survey , 2003, Clinical endocrinology.

[290]  D. Rubinow,et al.  Current and lifetime psychiatric illness in women with Turner syndrome , 2004, Gynecological endocrinology : the official journal of the International Society of Gynecological Endocrinology.

[291]  E. V. van Beek,et al.  Imaging of cardiovascular risk in patients with Turner's syndrome , 2015, Clinical radiology.

[292]  G. Conway,et al.  Hormone replacement therapy may improve hepatic function in women with Turner's syndrome , 2001, Clinical endocrinology.

[293]  H. Dörr,et al.  [Chronological age of patients with Turner syndrome at diagnosis]. , 2008, Klinische Padiatrie.

[294]  U. Boman,et al.  Psychological well-being in women with Turner syndrome: Somatic and social correlates , 2004, Journal of psychosomatic obstetrics and gynaecology.

[295]  Howard K. Song,et al.  Aortic Complications Associated With Pregnancy in Marfan Syndrome: The NHLBI National Registry of Genetically Triggered Thoracic Aortic Aneurysms and Cardiovascular Conditions (GenTAC) , 2016, Journal of the American Heart Association.

[296]  M. Mazzocco.  Mathematical learning disability in girls with Turner syndrome: a challenge to defining MLD and its subtypes. , 2009, Developmental disabilities research reviews.

[297]  M. Guimarães,et al.  Turner syndrome patients’ ultrasound profile , 2013, Gynecological endocrinology : the official journal of the International Society of Gynecological Endocrinology.

[298]  Brenda J. Crowe,et al.  Genotypes and phenotypes in children with short stature: clinical indicators of SHOX haploinsufficiency , 2006, Journal of Medical Genetics.

[299]  G. Rappold,et al.  Radiological Features in Patients with Short Stature Homeobox-Containing (SHOX) Gene Deficiency and Turner Syndrome before and after 2 Years of GH Treatment , 2015, Hormone Research in Paediatrics.

[300]  C. Ruiz,et al.  Turner syndrome and multiple-marker screening. , 1999, Clinical chemistry.

[301]  A. Cesaro,et al.  Cardiac Performance in Turner’s Syndrome Patients on Growth Hormone Therapy , 2001, Hormone Research in Paediatrics.

[302]  O. Dekkers,et al.  European Society of Endocrinology Clinical Guideline: Treatment of chronic hypoparathyroidism in adults. , 2015, European journal of endocrinology.

[303]  G. Nagy,et al.  Oral manifestations of patients with Turner syndrome. , 2000, Oral surgery, oral medicine, oral pathology, oral radiology, and endodontics.

[304]  C. Quigley,et al.  Growth Hormone Treatment Does Not Affect Incidences of Middle Ear Disease or Hearing Loss in Infants and Toddlers with Turner Syndrome , 2010, Hormone Research in Paediatrics.

[305]  P. Wisth,et al.  Craniofacial morphology in young patients with Turner syndrome. , 1996, European journal of orthodontics.

[306]  S. Boyd,et al.  Impact of Growth Hormone on Adult Bone Quality in Turner Syndrome: A HR-pQCT Study , 2015, Calcified Tissue International.

[307]  M. Quon,et al.  Impaired insulin secretion in the Turner metabolic syndrome. , 2004, The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism.

[308]  M. Band,et al.  Serological screening for coeliac disease in adults with Turner's syndrome: prevalence and clinical significance of endomysium antibody positivity. , 2009, European journal of endocrinology.

[309]  C. J. McGrath,et al.  Effect of exchange rate return on volatility spill-over across trading regions , 2012 .

[310]  M. Tokita,et al.  Postnatal outcomes of prenatally diagnosed 45,X/46,XX , 2016, American journal of medical genetics. Part A.

[311]  R. Frydman,et al.  Materno-Fetal Cardiovascular Complications in Turner Syndrome after Oocyte Donation: Insufficient Prepregnancy Screening and Pregnancy Follow-Up Are Associated with Poor Outcome. , 2011, Endocrinology.

[312]  Robin A. Dyleski,et al.  Characteristics of pilomatrixoma in children: a review of 137 patients. , 2014, International journal of pediatric otorhinolaryngology.

[313]  K. Dimopoulos,et al.  Pregnancy outcome after oocyte donation in patients with Turner’s syndrome: Clinical experience and management , 2016, Journal of obstetrics and gynaecology : the journal of the Institute of Obstetrics and Gynaecology.

[314]  K. Aittomäki,et al.  Obstetric and neonatal outcome after oocyte donation in 106 women with Turner syndrome: a Nordic cohort study. , 2013, Human reproduction.

[315]  T. Vecchi,et al.  Visuospatial working memory in Turner's Syndrome , 2001, Brain and Cognition.

[316]  A. Gawlik,et al.  Transitions in endocrinology: treatment of Turner's syndrome during transition. , 2014, European journal of endocrinology.

[317]  J. Rovet,et al.  Psychological aspects of the Canadian randomized controlled trial of human growth hormone and low-dose ethinyl oestradiol in children with Turner syndrome. The Canadian Growth Hormone Advisory Group. , 1993, Hormone research.

[318]  E. W. Hancock,et al.  AHA/ACCF/HRS recommendations for the standardization and interpretation of the electrocardiogram: part IV: the ST segment, T and U waves, and the QT interval: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association Electrocardiography and Arrhythmias Committee, Council on Clinical Cardiology; the , 2009, Journal of the American College of Cardiology.

[319]  C. Bondy,et al.  Sexual function in women with Turner syndrome. , 2008, Journal of women's health.

[320]  Y. Wettergren,et al.  The proportion of diploid 46,XX cells increases with time in women with Turner syndrome--a 10-year follow-up study. , 2015, Genetic testing and molecular biomarkers.

[321]  A. Rundle,et al.  Slipped Capital Femoral Epiphysis in Children Treated with Growth Hormone , 1996 .

[322]  J. Itskovitz‐Eldor,et al.  Choosing an oestrogen replacement therapy in young adult women with Turner syndrome* , 2001, Clinical endocrinology.

[323]  C. Gravholt,et al.  Clinical and epidemiological description of aortic dissection in Turner's syndrome , 2006, Cardiology in the Young.

[324]  J. Troendle,et al.  The prevalence of diabetes mellitus in the parents of women with Turner's syndrome , 2004, Clinical endocrinology.

[325]  G. Guerra‐Júnior,et al.  Social skills in women with Turner Syndrome. , 2011, Scandinavian journal of psychology.

[326]  Max Coltheart,et al.  Enlarged temporal lobes in Turner syndrome: an X-chromosome effect? , 2004, Cerebral cortex.

[327]  K. Giersiepen,et al.  European Society for Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition Guidelines for the Diagnosis of Coeliac Disease , 2012, Journal of pediatric gastroenterology and nutrition.

[328]  F. Figueras,et al.  Oocyte donation in patients with Turner's syndrome: a successful technique but with an accompanying high risk of hypertensive disorders during pregnancy. , 2006, Human Reproduction.

[329]  Y. Ceylan,et al.  Reproductive and obstetric outcomes in mosaic Turner’s Syndrome: a cross-sectional study and review of the literature , 2015, Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology.

[330]  M. Ranke,et al.  Incidence of diabetes mellitus and impaired glucose tolerance in children and adolescents receiving growth-hormone treatment , 2000, The Lancet.

[331]  A. Andersson,et al.  Uterus and ovaries in girls and young women with Turner syndrome evaluated by ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging , 2011, Clinical endocrinology.

[332]  H. Safi,et al.  Aortic dissection , 2004, The British journal of surgery.

[333]  H. Schellhas.  Malignant potential of the dysgenetic gonad. Part 1. , 1974, Obstetrics and gynecology.

[334]  A. Zinn,et al.  Persistent cognitive deficits in adult women with Turner syndrome , 2002, Neurology.

[335]  A. Rundle,et al.  Slipped capital femoral epiphysis in children treated with growth hormone. A summary of the National Cooperative Growth Study experience. , 1996, Hormone research.

[336]  D. Allen,et al.  Safety of human growth hormone therapy: current topics. , 1996, The Journal of pediatrics.

[337]  J. Nisker,et al.  Future in vitro fertilization pregnancy potential of women with variably elevated day 3 follicle-stimulating hormone levels. , 1996, Fertility and sterility.

[338]  J. Coste,et al.  Adult height and pubertal growth in Turner syndrome after treatment with recombinant growth hormone. , 2005, The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism.

[339]  D. Valla,et al.  Vascular involvement of the liver in Turner's syndrome , 2004, Hepatology.

[340]  P. Eling,et al.  A review of neuropsychological and motor studies in Turner Syndrome , 2003, Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews.

[341]  Gloria K. Lee,et al.  Effects of parent management training programs on disruptive behavior for children with a developmental disability: a meta-analysis. , 2015, Research in developmental disabilities.

[342]  M. Tauber,et al.  Wrist anomalies in Turner syndrome compared with Leri-Weill dyschondrosteosis: a new feature in Turner syndrome , 2004, European Journal of Pediatrics.

[343]  D. Stephure.  Impact of growth hormone supplementation on adult height in turner syndrome: results of the Canadian randomized controlled trial. , 2005, The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism.

[344]  A. Mehta,et al.  Radiologic abnormalities of the sternum in Turner's syndrome. , 1993, Chest.

[345]  G. Guyatt,et al.  Guideline panels should not GRADE good practice statements. , 2015, Journal of clinical epidemiology.

[346]  S. Phipps,et al.  Monitoring and Assessment of Neuropsychological Outcomes as a Standard of Care in Pediatric Oncology , 2015, Pediatric blood & cancer.

[347]  C. Bondy,et al.  The effects of growth hormone treatment on bone mineral density and body composition in girls with turner syndrome. , 2006, The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism.

[348]  J. Foidart,et al.  Effects of a new oral contraceptive containing an antimineralocorticoid progestogen, drospirenone, on the renin-aldosterone system, body weight, blood pressure, glucose tolerance, and lipid metabolism. , 1995, The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism.

[349]  T. J. Gargan.  Turner's syndrome. , 1997, The New England journal of medicine.

[350]  G. Conway,et al.  Vasculopathy in Turner syndrome: arterial dilatation and intimal thickening without endothelial dysfunction. , 2004, The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism.

[351]  A. Reiss,et al.  Genomic imprinting effects on cognitive and social abilities in prepubertal girls with Turner syndrome. , 2012, The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism.

[352]  G. Stefanatos,et al.  Transition to young adulthood in Ullrich-Turner syndrome: neurodevelopmental changes. , 1998, American journal of medical genetics.

[353]  K. Nicolaides,et al.  Analysis of cell‐free DNA in maternal blood in screening for fetal aneuploidies: updated meta‐analysis , 2015, Ultrasound in obstetrics & gynecology : the official journal of the International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology.

[354]  M. Phipps,et al.  Screening for Depression in Adults: US Preventive Services Task Force Recommendation Statement. , 2016, JAMA.

[355]  J. Aharon-Peretz,et al.  Androgen replacement therapy in Turner syndrome: a pilot study. , 2009, The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism.

[356]  Walter G. Whitford,et al.  Monitoring and Assessment , 2020, Ecology of Desert Systems.

[357]  P. Vogt,et al.  Analyses of Gonadoblastoma Y (GBY)-locus and of Y centromere in Turner syndrome patients. , 2014, Experimental and clinical endocrinology & diabetes : official journal, German Society of Endocrinology [and] German Diabetes Association.

[358]  M. Shaw.  Residential Treatment (Part of the Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Clinics of North America). , 2006, Child and adolescent mental health.

[359]  M. Segni,et al.  Spontaneous Pubertal Development in Turner’s Syndrome , 1997 .

[360]  M. Murad,et al.  Treatment of Symptoms of the Menopause: An Endocrine Society Clinical Practice Guideline. , 2015, The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism.

[361]  P. Lindqvist,et al.  Aortic dissection in pregnancy: the incidence of a life-threatening disease. , 2010, European journal of obstetrics, gynecology, and reproductive biology.

[362]  V. Sybert,et al.  Psychosocial and sexual functioning in women with Turner syndrome , 1995, Clinical genetics.

[363]  O. Hovatta.  Ovarian function and in vitro fertilization (IVF) in Turner syndrome. , 2012, Pediatric endocrinology reviews : PER.

[364]  U. Boman,et al.  Impact of growth hormone therapy on quality of life in adults with turner syndrome. , 2010, The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism.

[365]  C. Temple,et al.  Arithmetical ability and disability in turner's syndrome: A cognitive neuropsychological analysis , 1998 .

[366]  W. Price.  A high incidence of chronic inflammatory bowel disease in patients with Turner's syndrome. , 1979, Journal of medical genetics.

[367]  Mike Kirby,et al.  Guidelines on the management of cardiovascular diseases during pregnancy The Task Force on the Management of Cardiovascular Diseases during Pregnancy of the European Society of Cardiology ( ESC ) , 2011 .

[368]  J. Ross,et al.  Absence of growth hormone effects on cognitive function in girls with Turner syndrome. , 1997, The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism.

[369]  L. Mosekilde,et al.  Marked disproportionality in bone size and mineral, and distinct abnormalities in bone markers and calcitropic hormones in adult turner syndrome: a cross-sectional study. , 2002, The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism.

[370]  A. Reiss,et al.  Genomic Imprinting Effects of the X Chromosome on Brain Morphology , 2013, The Journal of Neuroscience.

[371]  O. Coll,et al.  Poor outcome in oocyte donation after elective transfer of a single cleavage-stage embryo in Turner syndrome patients. , 2009, Fertility and sterility.

[372]  Philip M. Massey,et al.  Contextualizing an expanded definition of health literacy among adolescents in the health care setting. , 2012, Health education research.

[373]  V. Rickert,et al.  The effects of peer ridicule on depression and self-image among adolescent females with Turner syndrome. , 1996, The Journal of adolescent health : official publication of the Society for Adolescent Medicine.

[374]  E. Eugster.  Growth Hormone plus Childhood Low-Dose Estrogen in Turner's Syndrome , 2011 .

[375]  M. Roček,et al.  Bone geometry and volumetric bone mineral density in girls with Turner syndrome of different pubertal stages , 2011, Clinical endocrinology.

[376]  Laura E. Knouse,et al.  Description and Demonstration of CBT for ADHD in Adults. , 2010, Cognitive and behavioral practice.

[377]  U. Boman,et al.  Women with Turner syndrome: psychological well-being, self-rated health and social life , 2001, Journal of psychosomatic obstetrics and gynaecology.

[378]  A. Gharib,et al.  Aneurysmal dilatation of medium caliber arteries in Turner syndrome. , 2011, Congenital heart disease.

[379]  D. Roulot.  Liver involvement in Turner syndrome , 2002, Liver international : official journal of the International Association for the Study of the Liver.

[380]  J. Frane,et al.  Growth hormone therapy of Turner syndrome: the impact of age of estrogen replacement on final height. Genentech, Inc., Collaborative Study Group. , 2000, The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism.

[381]  C. Gravholt,et al.  Lp(a) and lipids in adult Turner's syndrome: impact of treatment with 17beta-estradiol and norethisterone. , 2000, Atherosclerosis.

[382]  J. Holst,et al.  Delayed β-cell response and glucose intolerance in young women with Turner syndrome , 2011, BMC endocrine disorders.

[383]  M. Ranke,et al.  Adult height after GH therapy in 188 Ullrich-Turner syndrome patients: results of the German IGLU Follow-up Study 2001. , 2002, European journal of endocrinology.

[384]  K. Main,et al.  45,X/46,XY mosaicism: phenotypic characteristics, growth, and reproductive function--a retrospective longitudinal study. , 2012, The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism.

[385]  D. De Wolf,et al.  Arterial hypertension in Turner syndrome: a review of the literature and a practical approach for diagnosis and treatment. , 2015, Journal of hypertension.

[386]  K. Oktay,et al.  Fertility preservation by ovarian stimulation and oocyte cryopreservation in a 14-year-old adolescent with Turner syndrome mosaicism and impending premature ovarian failure. , 2010, Fertility and sterility.

[387]  Vinod Menon,et al.  Neuro-functional differences associated with arithmetic processing in Turner syndrome. , 2006, Cerebral cortex.

[388]  Y. Englert,et al.  Syndrome de Turner et don d'ovocytes , 2002 .

[389]  A. Möller,et al.  Sexual Functioning and Partner Relationships in Women with Turner Syndrome: Some Empirical Data and Theoretical Considerations Regarding Sexual Desire , 2007, Journal of sex & marital therapy.

[390]  L. Allan,et al.  Turner's syndrome in fetal life , 2003, Ultrasound in obstetrics & gynecology : the official journal of the International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology.

[391]  G. d’Annunzio,et al.  Collectrin gene screening in Turner syndrome patients with kidney malformation , 2009, Journal of Genetics.

[392]  D. Dunger,et al.  Major Determinants of Height Development in Turner Syndrome (TS) Patients Treated With GH: Analysis of 987 Patients From KIGS , 2007, Pediatric Research.

[393]  K. Ho,et al.  Contrasting effects of oral and transdermal routes of estrogen replacement therapy on 24-hour growth hormone (GH) secretion, insulin-like growth factor I, and GH-binding protein in postmenopausal women. , 1991, The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism.

[394]  B. Casadei,et al.  Hypertension is a major risk factor for aortic root dilatation in women with Turner's syndrome , 2001, Clinical endocrinology.

[395]  L. Mazzanti,et al.  Turner Syndrome, Insulin Sensitivity and Growth Hormone Treatment , 2006, Hormone Research in Paediatrics.

[396]  C. Disteche,et al.  Phenotype and X inactivation in 45,X/46,X,r(X) cases , 2004, American journal of medical genetics. Part A.

[397]  G. Binder,et al.  Analyses from a Centre of Short- and Long-Term Growth in Turner’s Syndrome on Standard Growth Hormone Doses Confirm Growth Prediction Algorithms and Show Normal IGF-I Levels , 2012, Hormone Research in Paediatrics.

[398]  H. Yde,et al.  The frequency of diabetes mellitus in patients with Turner's syndrome and pure gonadal dysgenesis. Blood glucose, plasma insulin and growth hormone level during an oral glucose tolerance test. , 1969, Acta endocrinologica.

[399]  K. Lafreniere,et al.  Effects of Turner Syndrome on Women’s Self-Esteem and Body Image , 2010 .

[400]  L. Wilhelmsen,et al.  Osteoporosis and fractures in Turner syndrome–importance of growth promoting and oestrogen therapy , 1999, Clinical endocrinology.

[401]  Ulf Rosenhall,et al.  Estrogen and hearing from a clinical point of view; characteristics of auditory function in women with Turner syndrome , 2009, Hearing Research.

[402]  M. Ersbøll,et al.  Treatment with oral beta‐blockers during pregnancy complicated by maternal heart disease increases the risk of fetal growth restriction , 2014, BJOG : an international journal of obstetrics and gynaecology.

[403]  J. Ross.  Effects of Growth Hormone on Cognitive Function , 2006, Hormone Research in Paediatrics.

[404]  A. Reiss,et al.  Psychosocial Functioning and Social Cognitive Processing in Girls with Turner Syndrome , 2011, Journal of developmental and behavioral pediatrics : JDBP.

[405]  J. Sundquist,et al.  Risk of solid tumors and hematological malignancy in persons with Turner and Klinefelter syndromes: A national cohort study , 2016, International journal of cancer.

[406]  D. Sandberg,et al.  Growth Hormone Treatment of Short Stature: Status of the Quality of Life Rationale , 2005, Hormone Research in Paediatrics.

[407]  H. Elsedfy,et al.  Uterine development in patients with Turner syndrome: Relation to hormone replacement therapy and karyotype , 2012, Journal of pediatric endocrinology & metabolism : JPEM.

[408]  A. Zinn,et al.  The effect of genetic differences and ovarian failure: intact cognitive function in adult women with premature ovarian failure versus turner syndrome. , 2004, The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism.

[409]  C. Cremers,et al.  Ear and hearing problems in relation to karyotype in children with Turner syndrome , 2011, Hearing Research.

[410]  M. Wrensch,et al.  Exogenous hormone use, reproductive factors, and risk of intracranial meningioma in females. , 2013, Journal of neurosurgery.

[411]  W. Tamborlane,et al.  Insulin resistance: an early metabolic defect of Turner's syndrome. , 1991, The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism.

[412]  J. Ross,et al.  Effects of estrogen on nonverbal processing speed and motor function in girls with Turner's syndrome. , 1998, The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism.

[413]  M. Davenport,et al.  Improving Detection of Hypertension in Girls with Turner Syndrome Using Ambulatory Blood Pressure Monitoring , 2013, Hormone Research in Paediatrics.

[414]  A. Zinn,et al.  Phenotypes Associated with SHOX Deficiency. , 2001, The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism.

[415]  S. van Buuren,et al.  Puberty induction in Turner syndrome: results of oestrogen treatment on development of secondary sexual characteristics, uterine dimensions and serum hormone levels , 2009, Clinical endocrinology.

[416]  M. Ranke,et al.  Prediction of Long-Term Response to Recombinant Human Growth Hormone in Turner Syndrome: Development and Validation of Mathematical Models , 2000 .

[417]  J. Carel,et al.  Growth hormone treatment before the age of 4 years prevents short stature in young girls with Turner syndrome. , 2011, European journal of endocrinology.

[418]  Gary D. Smith,et al.  Oocyte cryopreservation in a woman with mosaic Turner syndrome: a case report. , 2008, The Journal of reproductive medicine.

[419]  S. Greene,et al.  Possible role of imprinting in the Turner phenotype. , 1994, Journal of medical genetics.

[420]  T. Battelino,et al.  Prevalence and incidence of diabetes mellitus in GH-treated children and adolescents: analysis from the GeNeSIS observational research program. , 2011, The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism.

[421]  William Livingood,et al.  Measuring the transition readiness of youth with special healthcare needs: validation of the TRAQ--Transition Readiness Assessment Questionnaire. , 2011, Journal of pediatric psychology.

[422]  I. Bryman,et al.  Short Communication: Spontaneous Pregnancies in a Turner Syndrome Woman with Y-Chromosome Mosaicism , 2004, Journal of Assisted Reproduction and Genetics.

[423]  Rebecca C. Knickmeyer,et al.  Turner syndrome and sexual differentiation of the brain: implications for understanding male-biased neurodevelopmental disorders , 2011, Journal of Neurodevelopmental Disorders.

[424]  E. Schönau,et al.  Artificially low cortical bone mineral density in Turner syndrome is due to the partial volume effect , 2015, Osteoporosis International.

[425]  Sarah-Jayne Blakemore,et al.  Adolescence: a foundation for future health , 2012, The Lancet.

[426]  L. Ghizzoni,et al.  Metabolic and cardiovascular outcomes in a group of adult patients with Turner's syndrome under hormonal replacement therapy. , 2011, European journal of endocrinology.

[427]  J. Coste,et al.  Determinants of medical care for young women with Turner syndrome. , 2009, The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism.

[428]  D. Larizza,et al.  Thrombophilic screening in Turner syndrome , 2011, Journal of endocrinological investigation.

[429]  S. van Buuren,et al.  Efficacy and safety of oxandrolone in growth hormone-treated girls with turner syndrome. , 2010, The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism.

[430]  J. Coste,et al.  Quality of life determinants in young women with turner's syndrome after growth hormone treatment: results of the StaTur population-based cohort study. , 2005, The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism.

[431]  M. Elovitz,et al.  AORTIC DISSECTION AND MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION IN A PREGNANT PATIENT WITH TURNER SYNDROME , 1998, Obstetrics and gynecology.

[432]  D. Page,et al.  Gonadoblastoma: molecular definition of the susceptibility region on the Y chromosome. , 1995, American journal of human genetics.

[433]  H. Oflaz,et al.  Left Ventricular Thickness Is Increased in Nonhypertensive Turner's Syndrome , 2009, Echocardiography.

[434]  R. Rosenfeld.  Acceleration of growth in Turner syndrome patients treated with growth hormone: summary of three-year results. , 1989, Journal of endocrinological investigation.

[435]  A. Robinson,et al.  Learning disabilities in children with sex chromosome anomalies. , 1982, Child development.

[436]  S. Colan,et al.  Recommendations for quantification methods during the performance of a pediatric echocardiogram: a report from the Pediatric Measurements Writing Group of the American Society of Echocardiography Pediatric and Congenital Heart Disease Council. , 2010, Journal of the American Society of Echocardiography : official publication of the American Society of Echocardiography.

[437]  H. Hamamy,et al.  Parental decisions following the prenatal diagnosis of sex chromosome abnormalities. , 2004, European journal of obstetrics, gynecology, and reproductive biology.

[438]  P. White,et al.  Supporting the Health Care Transition From Adolescence to Adulthood in the Medical Home , 2011, Pediatrics.

[439]  Adrian Davis,et al.  Aging and Hearing Health: The Life-course Approach. , 2016, The Gerontologist.

[440]  K. Russell,et al.  Orthodontic treatment for patients with Turner syndrome. , 2001, American journal of orthodontics and dentofacial orthopedics : official publication of the American Association of Orthodontists, its constituent societies, and the American Board of Orthodontics.

[441]  M. Craen,et al.  Psychosocial Functioning, Self-Perception and Body Image and Their Auxologic Correlates in Growth Hormone and Oestrogen-Treated Young Adult Women with Turner Syndrome , 2006, Hormone Research in Paediatrics.

[442]  J. Frane,et al.  Growth Hormone Therapy of Turner Syndrome: The Impact of Age of Estrogen Replacement on Final Height , 2000 .

[443]  V. Beral,et al.  Endometrial cancer and hormone-replacement therapy in the Million Women Study. , 2005, Lancet.

[444]  A. Cherry,et al.  Noninvasive prenatal screening for aneuploidy: positive predictive values based on cytogenetic findings. , 2015, American journal of obstetrics and gynecology.

[445]  C. Bondy,et al.  Congenital cardiovascular disease in Turner syndrome. , 2008, Congenital heart disease.

[446]  K. Main,et al.  FSH, LH, inhibin B and estradiol levels in Turner syndrome depend on age and karyotype: longitudinal study of 70 Turner girls with or without spontaneous puberty. , 2010, Human reproduction.

[447]  J. Mullol,et al.  Turner's syndrome and other forms of congenital hypogonadism impair quality of life and sexual function. , 2013, American journal of obstetrics and gynecology.

[448]  T. Waldhör,et al.  Treatment of patients with Ullrich-Turner syndrome with conventional doses of growth hormone and the combination with testosterone or oxandrolone: Effect on growth, IGF-I and IGFBP-3 concentrations , 1995, European Journal of Pediatrics.

[449]  Y. Englert,et al.  Pregnancy outcome after oocyte donation in patients with Turner's syndrome and partial X monosomy. , 2011, Human reproduction.

[450]  C. Ankarberg-Lindgren,et al.  Nocturnal application of transdermal estradiol patches produces levels of estradiol that mimic those seen at the onset of spontaneous puberty in girls. , 2001, The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism.

[451]  A. Griffith,et al.  Analysis of Auditory Phenotype and Karyotype in 200 Females with Turner Syndrome , 2007, Ear and hearing.

[452]  C. Gravholt,et al.  Increased prevalence of autoimmunity in Turner syndrome – influence of age , 2009, Clinical and experimental immunology.

[453]  D. Kallogjeri,et al.  Quality of Life in Children with Hearing Impairment , 2016, Otolaryngology--head and neck surgery : official journal of American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery.

[454]  M. Segni,et al.  Spontaneous pubertal development in Turner's syndrome. Italian Study Group for Turner's Syndrome. , 1997, The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism.

[455]  H. Karlsson.  The prevalence of what? , 2009, Nordic journal of psychiatry.

[456]  D. Dunger,et al.  Effect of Oxandrolone and Timing of Oral Ethinylestradiol Initiation on Pubertal Progression, Height Velocity and Bone Maturation in the UK Turner Study , 2014, Hormone Research in Paediatrics.

[457]  H. Raat,et al.  Quality of life after growth hormone therapy and induced puberty in women with Turner syndrome. , 2006, The Journal of pediatrics.

[458]  T. Reinehr,et al.  Weight gain in Turner Syndrome: association to puberty induction? – longitudinal analysis of KIGS data , 2015, Clinical endocrinology.

[459]  C. Temple,et al.  Oral fluency and narrative production in children with Turner’s syndrome , 2002, Neuropsychologia.

[460]  C. Longui,et al.  Neonatal detection of Turner syndrome by real-time PCR gene quantification of the ARSE and MAGEH1 genes. , 2014, Genetics and molecular research : GMR.

[461]  M. Silberbach,et al.  Pilot Study of Blood Pressure in Girls With Turner Syndrome: An Awareness Gap, Clinical Associations, and New Hypotheses. , 2016, Hypertension.

[462]  Howard Balshem,et al.  GRADE guidelines: 3. Rating the quality of evidence. , 2011, Journal of clinical epidemiology.

[463]  N. Mauras,et al.  Optimizing estrogen replacement treatment in Turner syndrome. , 1998, Pediatrics.

[464]  D. De Wolf,et al.  Abnormal aortic arch morphology in Turner syndrome patients is a risk factor for hypertension , 2015, Heart and Vessels.

[465]  Aribert Rothenberger,et al.  Multicultural assessment of child and adolescent psychopathology with ASEBA and SDQ instruments: research findings, applications, and future directions. , 2008, Journal of child psychology and psychiatry, and allied disciplines.

[466]  B. Rosner,et al.  The fourth report on the diagnosis, evaluation, and treatment of high blood pressure in children and adolescents , 2004 .

[467]  Thomas E. Scruggs,et al.  Constructing more meaningful relationships: Mnemonic instruction for special populations , 1989 .

[468]  L. Prosser,et al.  Decision-making process for conditions nominated to the Recommended Uniform Screening Panel: statement of the US Department of Health and Human Services Secretary’s Advisory Committee on Heritable Disorders in Newborns and Children , 2013, Genetics in Medicine.

[469]  J. Frane,et al.  Growth hormone therapy of Turner's syndrome: beneficial effect on adult height. , 1998, The Journal of pediatrics.

[470]  K. Sliwa,et al.  Cardiac medication during pregnancy, data from the ROPAC. , 2014, International journal of cardiology.

[471]  I. Bryman,et al.  Impaired body balance, fine motor function and hearing in women with Turner syndrome , 2009, Clinical endocrinology.

[472]  M. Silberbach,et al.  Aortic dimensions in Turner syndrome , 2015, American journal of medical genetics. Part A.

[473]  K. Tachibana,et al.  Frequencies of spontaneous breast development and spontaneous menarche in Turner syndrome in Japan , 2015, Clinical pediatric endocrinology : case reports and clinical investigations : official journal of the Japanese Society for Pediatric Endocrinology.

[474]  H. H. Turner.  A SYNDROME OF INFANTILISM, CONGENITAL WEBBED NECK, AND CUBITUS VALGUS1 , 1995 .

[475]  I. Bryman,et al.  Obstetric outcomes in women with Turner karyotype. , 2011, The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism.

[476]  Schellhas Hf.  Malignant potential of the dysgenetic gonad. Part 1. , 1974 .

[477]  J. Ross,et al.  Use of estrogen in young girls with Turner syndrome , 2000, Neurology.

[478]  M. Atabek,et al.  Ambulatory Blood Pressure and Subclinical Cardiovascular Disease in Children With Turner Syndrome , 2013, Pediatric Cardiology.

[479]  Christine M. Temple,et al.  Reading Skills in Children with Turner's Syndrome: An Analysis of Hyperlexia , 1996, Cortex.

[480]  N. Uldbjerg,et al.  Only a minority of sex chromosome abnormalities are detected by a national prenatal screening program for Down syndrome. , 2015, Human reproduction.

[481]  L. Nelson,et al.  Autoimmune disorders in women with turner syndrome and women with karyotypically normal primary ovarian insufficiency. , 2012, Journal of autoimmunity.

[482]  C A Warnes,et al.  Coarctation of the aorta: outcome of pregnancy. , 2001, Journal of the American College of Cardiology.

[483]  L. Rabin,et al.  Stability in Test-Usage Practices of Clinical Neuropsychologists in the United States and Canada Over a 10-Year Period: A Follow-Up Survey of INS and NAN Members. , 2016, Archives of clinical neuropsychology : the official journal of the National Academy of Neuropsychologists.

[484]  N. Tommerup,et al.  Autoimmune diseases in women with Turner's syndrome. , 2010, Arthritis and rheumatism.

[485]  G. Conway,et al.  Adulthood in Women with Turner Syndrome , 2003, Hormone Research in Paediatrics.

[486]  M. Mouzaki,et al.  Diagnosis of Small Bowel Telangiectasia in Turner's Syndrome Using Capsule Endoscopy , 2009, Journal of pediatric endocrinology & metabolism : JPEM.

[487]  M. C. Anderson,et al.  Oocyte donation: the role of endometrial receptivity. , 1990, Human reproduction.

[488]  Y. Fukushima,et al.  The proportion of cells with functional X disomy is associated with the severity of mental retardation in mosaic ring X Turner syndrome females , 2003, Cytogenetic and Genome Research.

[489]  Daniel W. Jones,et al.  Seventh report of the Joint National Committee on Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure. , 2003, Hypertension.

[490]  D. Skuse,et al.  Distinctive patterns of memory function in subgroups of females with Turner syndrome: evidence for imprinted loci on the X-chromosome affecting neurodevelopment , 2000, Neuropsychologia.

[491]  Unwin,et al.  The influence of renal and cardiovascular abnormalities on blood pressure in Turner syndrome , 2000, Clinical endocrinology.

[492]  R. Netea-Maier,et al.  Long-term effects of oxandrolone treatment in childhood on neurocognition, quality of life and social–emotional functioning in young adults with Turner syndrome , 2015, Hormones and Behavior.

[493]  F. Rigon,et al.  Insulin sensitivity in Turner's syndrome: influence of GH treatment. , 2004, European journal of endocrinology.

[494]  A. Tóth,et al.  Hormone replacement and the risk of breast cancer in Turner's syndrome. , 2006, The New England journal of medicine.

[495]  C. Gravholt,et al.  Sex hormone replacement in Turner syndrome , 2012, Endocrine.

[496]  Laura E. Knouse,et al.  Current status of cognitive behavioral therapy for adult attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder. , 2010, The Psychiatric clinics of North America.

[497]  D. Larizza,et al.  Halo nevus, rather than vitiligo, is a typical dermatologic finding of turner's syndrome: clinical, genetic, and immunogenetic study in 72 patients. , 2004, Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology.

[498]  A. Lin,et al.  Turner syndrome: update on biology and management across the life span , 2015, Current opinion in endocrinology, diabetes, and obesity.

[499]  J. Satsangi,et al.  Inflammatory bowel disease and the X chromosome. , 1996, QJM : monthly journal of the Association of Physicians.

[500]  C. Gravholt,et al.  Dosage of estradiol, bone and body composition in Turner syndrome: a 5-year randomized controlled clinical trial. , 2017, European journal of endocrinology.

[501]  K. Benirschke,et al.  Coarctation of the aorta in Turner syndrome: a pathologic study of fetuses with nuchal cystic hygromas, hydrops fetalis, and female genitalia. , 1988, Pediatrics.

[502]  T. Ledin,et al.  Impaired Postural Balance in Turner Syndrome , 2013, Hormone and Metabolic Research.

[503]  S. South,et al.  Turner Syndrome in Girls Presenting with Coarctation of the Aorta. , 2015, The Journal of pediatrics.

[504]  J. Kichler,et al.  The Associations of Chronic Condition Type and Individual Characteristics With Transition Readiness. , 2016, Academic pediatrics.

[505]  Jae Hyun Kim,et al.  No influence of parental origin of intact X chromosome and/or Y chromosome sequences on three-year height response to growth hormone therapy in Turner syndrome , 2014, Annals of pediatric endocrinology & metabolism.

[506]  T. Zdrojewski,et al.  Are young women with Turner syndrome at greater risk of coronary artery disease? , 2006, European journal of cardiovascular prevention and rehabilitation : official journal of the European Society of Cardiology, Working Groups on Epidemiology & Prevention and Cardiac Rehabilitation and Exercise Physiology.

[507]  E. Reiter,et al.  Early initiation of growth hormone treatment allows age-appropriate estrogen use in Turner's syndrome. , 2001, The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism.

[508]  C. Gravholt,et al.  Health status in women with Turner syndrome: a questionnaire study on health status, education, work participation and aspects of sexual functioning , 2010, Clinical endocrinology.

[509]  C. Gravholt,et al.  Ambulatory Arterial Stiffness Index in Turner Syndrome: The Impact of Sex Hormone Replacement Therapy , 2008, Hormone Research in Paediatrics.

[510]  Z. Laron,et al.  Social, educational and vocational status of 48 young adult females with gonadal dysgenesis , 1992, Clinical endocrinology.

[511]  A. Nishina,et al.  A longitudinal study of body dissatisfaction and pubertal timing in an ethnically diverse adolescent sample. , 2014, Body image.

[512]  C. Stratakis,et al.  Bone mineral density and fractures in Turner syndrome. , 2003, The American journal of medicine.

[513]  P. Backeljauw,et al.  Effect of oxandrolone therapy on adult height in Turner syndrome patients treated with growth hormone: a meta-analysis , 2015, International Journal of Pediatric Endocrinology.

[514]  M. Gardner,et al.  Short Stature: Is It a Psychosocial Problem and Does Changing Height Matter? , 2015, Pediatric clinics of North America.

[515]  M. Mazzocco.  The cognitive phenotype of Turner syndrome: Specific learning disabilities. , 2006, International congress series.

[516]  A. Hoffman,et al.  Long-term safety of recombinant human growth hormone in turner syndrome. , 2008, The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism.

[517]  John A Elefteriades,et al.  Novel measurement of relative aortic size predicts rupture of thoracic aortic aneurysms. , 2006, The Annals of thoracic surgery.

[518]  J. Timmermans,et al.  Standardized multidisciplinary evaluation yields significant previously undiagnosed morbidity in adult women with Turner syndrome. , 2011, The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism.

[519]  T. Stijnen,et al.  Final height in girls with turner syndrome after long-term growth hormone treatment in three dosages and low dose estrogens. , 2003, The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism.

[520]  P. White,et al.  Supporting the Health Care Transition From Adolescence to Adulthood in the Medical Home , 2017, Pediatrics.

[521]  S. Suissa,et al.  Transdermal and oral hormone replacement therapy and the risk of stroke: a nested case-control study , 2010, BMJ : British Medical Journal.

[522]  B. V. VON Schoultz,et al.  Life with Turner's syndrome--a psychosocial report from 22 middle-aged women. , 1994, Acta endocrinologica.

[523]  L. Liao,et al.  Improving self-esteem in women diagnosed with Turner syndrome: results of a pilot intervention. , 2014, Journal of pediatric and adolescent gynecology.

[524]  E. Eren,et al.  Retrospective evaluation of pubertal development and linear growth of girls with Turner Syndrome treated with oral and transdermal estrogen , 2015, Journal of pediatric endocrinology & metabolism : JPEM.

[525]  D. Milewicz,et al.  Single-nucleotide polymorphism array genotyping is equivalent to metaphase cytogenetics for diagnosis of Turner syndrome , 2013, Genetics in Medicine.

[526]  G. Conway,et al.  Oestrogen Deficiency and Growth Hormone Treatment in Childhood Are Not Associated with Hearing in Adults with Turner Syndrome , 2004, Hormone Research in Paediatrics.

[527]  M. Scott,et al.  The parental origin of the single X chromosome in Turner syndrome: lack of correlation with parental age or clinical phenotype. , 1991, American journal of human genetics.

[528]  M. Gardner,et al.  Coming Up Short: Risks of Bias in Assessing Psychological Outcomes in Growth Hormone Therapy for Short Stature. , 2016, The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism.

[529]  J. Coste,et al.  Parental origin of the X-chromosome does not influence growth hormone treatment effect in Turner syndrome. , 2012, The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism.

[530]  National High Blood Pressure Education Program Working Group on High Blood Pressure in Children and Adolescents , 2004, Pediatrics.

[531]  S. Poyrazoglu,et al.  Turner Syndrome and Associated Problems in Turkish Children: A Multicenter Study , 2015, Journal of clinical research in pediatric endocrinology.

[532]  S. Bainbridge,et al.  Oocyte donation pregnancies and the risk of preeclampsia or gestational hypertension: a systematic review and metaanalysis. , 2016, American journal of obstetrics and gynecology.

[533]  Rosenfeld Rg.  Acceleration of growth in Turner syndrome patients treated with growth hormone: summary of three-year results. , 1989 .

[534]  K. Nicolaides,et al.  Fetal nuchal oedema: associated malformations and chromosomal defects. , 1992, Fetal diagnosis and therapy.

[535]  G. Conway,et al.  A comparison of echocardiography and magnetic resonance imaging in cardiovascular screening of adults with Turner syndrome. , 2004, The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism.

[536]  J. Olsen,et al.  Occurrence of cancer in women with Turner syndrome. , 1996, British Journal of Cancer.

[537]  R. Beals.  Orthopedic aspects of the XO (Turner's) syndrome. , 1973, Clinical orthopaedics and related research.

[538]  M. Chin,et al.  SRY-negative 46,XX infertile male with Leydig cell hyperplasia: clinical, cytogenetic, and molecular analysis and review of the literature. , 2010, Fertility and sterility.

[539]  David W. Smith,et al.  THE XO SYNDROME. A STUDY OF THE DIFFERENTIATED PHENOTYPE IN 25 PATIENTS. , 1963, The Journal of pediatrics.

[540]  Matthew T. White,et al.  Aortic Measurements in Patients with Aortopathy are Larger and More Reproducible by Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Compared with Echocardiography , 2015, Pediatric Cardiology.

[541]  A. Swerdlow,et al.  Mortality in women with turner syndrome in Great Britain: a national cohort study. , 2008, The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism.

[542]  K. Uno,et al.  Pustular psoriasis in a patient with Turner syndrome: profile of serum cytokine levels , 2014, International journal of dermatology.

[543]  H. Polatajko,et al.  Exploring the effectiveness of occupational therapy interventions, other than the sensory integration approach, with children and adolescents experiencing difficulty processing and integrating sensory information. , 2010, The American journal of occupational therapy : official publication of the American Occupational Therapy Association.

[544]  P. Guénel,et al.  Risk of Breast Cancer by Type of Menopausal Hormone Therapy: a Case-Control Study among Post-Menopausal Women in France , 2013, PloS one.

[545]  M. Donaldson,et al.  Foot problems in Turner's syndrome. , 2001, The Journal of pediatrics.

[546]  C. Gravholt,et al.  Prenatal and postnatal prevalence of Turner's syndrome: a registry study , 1996, BMJ.

[547]  Michèle M. M. Mazzocco,et al.  Mathematics learning disability in girls with Turner syndrome or fragile X syndrome , 2006, Brain and Cognition.

[548]  J. Rothbauer,et al.  DESCRIBING LYMPHEDEMA IN FEMALES WITH TURNER SYNDROME. , 2015, Lymphology.

[549]  B. Biesecker,et al.  Turner syndrome: Four challenges across the lifespan , 2005, American journal of medical genetics. Part A.

[550]  D. Larizza,et al.  Thyroid ultrasound in patients with Turner syndrome: Influence of clinical and auxological parameters , 2011, Journal of endocrinological investigation.

[551]  B. Gee,et al.  Dosage Parameters in Pediatric Outcome Studies Reported in 9 Peer-Reviewed Occupational Therapy Journals from 2008 to 2014: A Content Analysis , 2016, Rehabilitation research and practice.

[552]  P. Devroey,et al.  Oocyte and embryo donation: evaluation of 412 consecutive trials. , 1992, Human reproduction.

[553]  M. Guimarães,et al.  Insulin resistance and body composition in Turner syndrome: Effect of sequential change in the route of estrogen administration , 2006, Gynecological endocrinology : the official journal of the International Society of Gynecological Endocrinology.

[554]  K. Rubin.  Transitioning the patient with Turner's syndrome from pediatric to adult care. , 2003, Journal of pediatric endocrinology & metabolism : JPEM.

[555]  C. Gravholt,et al.  Coagulation and fibrinolytic disturbances are related to carotid intima thickness and arterial blood pressure in Turner syndrome , 2012, Clinical endocrinology.

[556]  A. Noczyńska,et al.  The presence of eye defects in patients with Turner syndrome is irrespective of their karyotype , 2015, Clinical endocrinology.

[557]  F. Drobniewski,et al.  Hormone replacement therapy and risk of venous thromboembolism in postmenopausal women : systematic review and meta-analysis , 2008 .

[558]  P. Vajro,et al.  Liver abnormalities in Turner syndrome , 1999, European Journal of Pediatrics.

[559]  L. DiPietro,et al.  Estrogen influences osmotic secretion of AVP and body water balance in postmenopausal women. , 1998, American journal of physiology. Regulatory, integrative and comparative physiology.

[560]  Y. Yaron,et al.  Patients with Turner's syndrome may have an inherent endometrial abnormality affecting receptivity in oocyte donation. , 1996, Fertility and sterility.

[561]  E. Olszewska,et al.  The knee alignment and the foot arch in patients with Turner syndrome. , 2011, Pediatric endocrinology, diabetes, and metabolism.

[562]  L. Wilhelmsen,et al.  Chromosomal mosaicism mitigates stigmata and cardiovascular risk factors in Turner syndrome , 2007, Clinical endocrinology.

[563]  M. Tekin,et al.  Paternal X could relate to arithmetic function; study of cognitive function and parental origin of X chromosome in Turner syndrome , 2008, Pediatrics international : official journal of the Japan Pediatric Society.

[564]  L. Sahlin,et al.  Estrogen receptors in the normal adult and developing human inner ear and in Turner’s syndrome , 2001, Hearing Research.

[565]  M. Guimarães,et al.  Pubertal development profile in patients with Turner syndrome , 2014, Journal of pediatric endocrinology & metabolism : JPEM.

[566]  J. Ross,et al.  Effects of low-dose estrogen replacement during childhood on pubertal development and gonadotropin concentrations in patients with Turner syndrome: results of a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial. , 2014, The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism.

[567]  N. M. Lau,et al.  Cryopreservation of ovarian tissue and in vitro matured oocytes in a female with mosaic Turner syndrome: Case Report. , 2007, Human reproduction.

[568]  B. Kristensen,et al.  Prevalence of cardiovascular malformations and association with karyotypes in Turner's syndrome. , 1994, Archives of disease in childhood.

[569]  B LOGAN,et al.  Obstetrics and Gynecology , 1917, Edinburgh Medical Journal.

[570]  M. Kocova,et al.  Girls with Turner's syndrome with spontaneous menarche have an increased risk of endometrial carcinoma: a case report and review from the literature. , 2005, Gynecologic oncology.

[571]  G. K. Henry,et al.  Official position of the american academy of clinical neuropsychology on serial neuropsychological assessments: the utility and challenges of repeat test administrations in clinical and forensic contexts , 2010, The Clinical neuropsychologist.

[572]  Anna Seigal,et al.  Eye tracking and fear recognition deficits in Turner syndrome , 2006, Social neuroscience.

[573]  C. Gravholt,et al.  Left Ventricular Hypertrophy in Turner Syndrome: A Prospective Echocardiographic Study , 2012, Echocardiography.

[574]  H. Pashayan,et al.  The neck in the XO and XX/XO mosaic Turner's syndrome , 1974, Clinical genetics.

[575]  R. Lanes,et al.  Serum lipids, lipoprotein lp(a), and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 in patients with Turner's syndrome before and during growth hormone and estrogen therapy. , 1997, Fertility and sterility.

[576]  C. Gravholt,et al.  Cardiovascular phenotype in Turner syndrome--integrating cardiology, genetics, and endocrinology. , 2012, Endocrine reviews.

[577]  D. Wyatt.  Melanocytic nevi in children treated with growth hormone. , 1999, Pediatrics.

[578]  T. Stijnen,et al.  Carbohydrate metabolism during long-term growth hormone (GH) treatment and after discontinuation of GH treatment in girls with Turner syndrome participating in a randomized dose-response study. Dutch Advisory Group on Growth Hormone. , 2000, The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism.

[579]  Schellhas Hf.  Malignant potential of the dysgenetic gonad. II. , 1974 .

[580]  J. Christiansen,et al.  Morning versus evening administration of estradiol to girls with Turner syndrome receiving growth hormone: impact on growth hormone and metabolism. A randomized placebo‐controlled crossover study , 2001, Acta paediatrica.

[581]  C. Gravholt,et al.  Multimodality cardiac imaging in Turner syndrome , 2016, Cardiology in the Young.

[582]  S. Schwartz,et al.  Evidence for a Turner syndrome locus or loci at Xp11.2-p22.1. , 1998, American journal of human genetics.

[583]  G. Raimondo,et al.  Fibroscan: a new noninvasive method for evaluation of liver dysfunction in Turner syndrome , 2011, European journal of clinical investigation.

[584]  C. Bondy,et al.  High levels of education and employment among women with Turner syndrome. , 2013, Journal of women's health.

[585]  J. Frane,et al.  Carbohydrate and lipid metabolism in Turner syndrome: effect of therapy with growth hormone, oxandrolone, and a combination of both. , 1988, The Journal of pediatrics.

[586]  F. Cassorla,et al.  Normal bone density of the wrist and spine and increased wrist fractures in girls with Turner's syndrome. , 1991, The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism.