Geohazards and large, geographically distributed systems

A general classification for scale in geotechnical engineering is used to explore the modelling of large, geographically distributed systems and their response to geohazards. Both component and network performance are reviewed. With respect to components, prototype-scale experiments of underground pipeline response to abrupt ground deformation are described, including control of soil properties, soil–pipeline interaction, and performance of high-density polyethylene pipelines. Direct shear (DS) apparatus size is shown to have a significant effect on DS strength, and the most reliable DS device is identified from comparative tests with different equipment. Mohr–Coulomb strength parameters for partially saturated sand are developed from DS test data and applied in finite element simulations of soil–pipeline interaction that show excellent agreement with prototype-scale experimental results. Apparent cohesion measured during shear failure of partially saturated sand is caused by suction-induced dilatancy. Wi...

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