Determinants of participation in the implementation of non-smoking area policies for restaurant and cafe managers in Indonesia

Background.The Non-Smoking Area is a room or area that is declared prohibited for smoking activities or activities to produce, sell, advertise and/or promote tobacco products. The Regional Regulation on Non-Smoking Areas in Indonesia has been enacted since 2013, including in public places such as restaurants and cafes, but has not yet been fully implemented. The Non-Smoking Area Policy is the best choice to implement in government and private institutions. Objective. This study aimed to determine participation in implementing Non-Smoking Areas in restaurants and cafes in Indonesia. Materials and Methods. This study is a cross-sectional quantitative survey with an analytical survey approach, with a purposive sampling technique of 419 restaurants and cafes, analyzed with the help of the chi-square test and logistic regression. Results. The results showed that age, income, smoking status, knowledge, and attitudes were related to participation in implementing Non-Smoking Areas (P value <0.05). The attitude variable in multivariate logistic regression analysis had the most significant impact (OR: 2,949; 95% CI: 1,716 -5,069), and the smallest effect is the age factor (OR: 0,591; 95% CI: 0,361-0,967). Conclusions. Age, smoking status, income, knowledge, and attitudes regarding Non-Smoking Areas are the factors that contribute to the majority of restaurant and cafe managers in Indonesia not participating in the implementation of Non-Smoking Areas. Therefore, the government should maximize the role of the Non- Smoking Areas task force, socialize and provide awards such as the title of “Breathing Free” restaurant and cafe.