MPEG-1 Video Semi-Blind Watermarking Algorithm in the DWT Domain

A semi-blind image watermarking scheme embeds a pseudo random sequence in all the high pass DWT coefficients above a given threshold T1. The attacked DWT coefficients are then correlated with the original watermark. For watermark detection, all the coefficients higher than another threshold T2 (>T1) are chosen for correlation with the original watermark. This idea was extended to embed the same watermark in two bands (LL and HH). The experiments show that for one group of attacks, the correlation with the real watermark is higher than the threshold in the LL band, and for another group of attacks, the correlation with the real watermark is higher than the threshold in the HH band. In this paper, we embed a pseudo random sequence in MPEG-1 using two bands (LL and HH). The chosen attacks are JPEG compression, resizing, adding Gaussian noise, low pass filtering, rotation, histogram equalization, contrast adjustment, gamma correction, cropping, frame dropping, and frame swapping. Our experiments show that for one group of attacks (i.e., JPEG compression, Gaussian noise, resizing, low pass filtering, rotation, and frame dropping), the correlation with the real watermark is higher than the threshold in the LL band, and for another group of attacks (i.e., cropping, histogram equalization, contrast adjustment, and gamma correction), the correlation with the real watermark is higher than the threshold in the HH band. Only for frame swapping, the correlation with the real watermark is higher than the threshold in both of the bands.