Robotics in reproductive medicine.

In the past decade, robotic technology has been increasingly incorporated into various industries, including surgery and medicine. This chapter will review the history, development, current applications, and future of robotic technology in reproductive medicine. A literature search was performed for all publications regarding robotic technology in medicine, surgery, reproductive endocrinology, and its role in both surgical education and telepresence surgery. As robotic assisted surgery has emerged, this technology provides a feasible option for minimally invasive surgery, impacts surgical education, and plays a role in telepresence surgery.

[1]  J. Marescaux,et al.  The ZEUS robotic system: experimental and clinical applications. , 2003, The Surgical clinics of North America.

[2]  Karen A. Frenkel,et al.  Robots, machines in man's image , 1985 .

[3]  D. Nio,et al.  Efficiency of manual versus robotical (Zeus) assisted laparoscopic surgery in the performance of standardized tasks , 2001, Surgical Endoscopy And Other Interventional Techniques.

[4]  B. Davies,et al.  A surgeon robot prostatectomy--a laboratory evaluation. , 1989, Journal of medical engineering & technology.

[5]  M. Gagner,et al.  Comparison of laparoscopic skills performance between standard instruments and two surgical robotic systems , 2003, Surgical Endoscopy And Other Interventional Techniques.

[6]  D. Rattner,et al.  Robotics and ergonomics. , 2003, The Surgical clinics of North America.

[7]  William O. Richards,et al.  Robot-Assisted Endoscopic Intrauterine Myelomeningocele Repair: A Feasibility Study , 2002, Pediatric Neurosurgery.

[8]  J. Rosser,et al.  Telementoring , 1997, Surgical Endoscopy.

[9]  R. Satava.  Robotic surgery: from past to future--a personal journey. , 2003, The Surgical clinics of North America.

[10]  R S Haluck,et al.  Computers and virtual reality for surgical education in the 21st century. , 2000, Archives of surgery.

[11]  K. Cleary,et al.  State of the art in surgical robotics: clinical applications and technology challenges. , 2001, Computer aided surgery : official journal of the International Society for Computer Aided Surgery.

[12]  Matthew T Gettman,et al.  Robotic-assisted laparoscopic sacrocolpopexy for treatment of vaginal vault prolapse. , 2004, Urology.

[13]  The canine laboratory in the training of the oncology fellow. , 1986, Gynecologic oncology.

[14]  R Kevin Reynolds,et al.  Preliminary experience with robot-assisted laparoscopic myomectomy. , 2004, The Journal of the American Association of Gynecologic Laparoscopists.

[15]  R. Satava,et al.  Robotic surgery: identifying the learning curve through objective measurement of skill , 2003, Surgical Endoscopy And Other Interventional Techniques.

[16]  D. Stoianovici,et al.  Robotic percutaneous access to the kidney: comparison with standard manual access. , 2002, Journal of endourology.

[17]  Makoto Hashizume,et al.  Robot-assisted gastric surgery. , 2003, The Surgical clinics of North America.

[18]  S. Behrman,et al.  Laparoscopy of the Infertile Patient , 1970, Obstetrics and gynecology.

[19]  Todd Pesek,et al.  Robotics and neurosurgery. , 2003, The Surgical clinics of North America.

[20]  Benjamin R. Lee,et al.  Effect of time delay on surgical performance during telesurgical manipulation. , 2000, Journal of endourology.

[21]  T. Aybek,et al.  Totally endoscopic atrial septal repair in adults with computer-enhanced telemanipulation. , 2003, The Journal of thoracic and cardiovascular surgery.

[22]  Jacob Bergsland,et al.  Survey of Resident Training in Robotic Surgery , 2002, The American surgeon.

[23]  T. Krummel,et al.  Simulation and virtual reality in surgical education: real or unreal? , 1999, Archives of surgery.

[24]  Warren D. Smith,et al.  Ergonomic problems associated with laparoscopic surgery , 1999, Surgical Endoscopy.

[25]  R. H. Sturgess.  A quantification of manual dexterity: : Robotics and Computer-Integrated Manufacturing, 1989, 6.3, 237–252, 22 refs The design for an assembly calculator , 1991 .

[26]  D. Etzioni,et al.  Robotic surgery and resident training , 2003, Surgical Endoscopy And Other Interventional Techniques.

[27]  J E Gunning,et al.  The history of laparoscopy. , 1974, The Journal of reproductive medicine.

[28]  Garth H Ballantyne,et al.  The da Vinci telerobotic surgical system: the virtual operative field and telepresence surgery. , 2003, The Surgical clinics of North America.

[29]  A. García-Ruiz,et al.  Robotically assisted laparoscopic microsurgical uterine horn anastomosis. , 1998, Fertility and sterility.

[30]  S. J. Harris,et al.  The first clinical application of a "hands-on" robotic knee surgery system. , 2001, Computer aided surgery : official journal of the International Society for Computer Aided Surgery.

[31]  Santiago Horgan,et al.  Robotic-assisted laparoscopic donor nephrectomy for kidney transplantation , 2002, Transplantation.

[32]  Jacques Marescaux,et al.  Transatlantic robot-assisted telesurgery , 2001, Nature.

[33]  Noah S Schenkman,et al.  Multiservice laparoscopic surgical training using the daVinci surgical system. , 2004, American journal of surgery.

[34]  G. Sung,et al.  Robotic remote laparoscopic nephrectomy and adrenalectomy: the initial experience. , 2000, The Journal of urology.

[35]  Inderbir S Gill,et al.  Robotic renal and adrenal surgery. , 2003, The Surgical clinics of North America.

[36]  B. Davies.  A review of robotics in surgery , 2000, Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers. Part H, Journal of engineering in medicine.

[37]  H. Debas.  Impact of managed care on funding of surgical residencies. , 1995, Archives of surgery.

[38]  Y. Matsuoka,et al.  Robotics for surgery. , 1999, Annual review of biomedical engineering.

[39]  K. Brasel,et al.  Teaching anatomy with surgeons' tools: Use of the laparoscope in clinical anatomy , 2001, Clinical anatomy.

[40]  B R Lee,et al.  Remote percutaneous renal access using a new automated telesurgical robotic system. , 2001, Telemedicine journal and e-health : the official journal of the American Telemedicine Association.

[41]  G Bartsch,et al.  Transcontinental interactive laparoscopic telesurgery between the United States and Europe. , 1998, The Journal of urology.

[42]  M. Bridges,et al.  The financial impact of teaching surgical residents in the operating room. , 1999, American journal of surgery.

[43]  W. Melvin,et al.  Telerobotic foregut and esophageal surgery. , 2003, The Surgical clinics of North America.

[44]  Ashutosh Tewari,et al.  Surgical robotics and laparoscopic training drills. , 2004, Journal of endourology.

[45]  M Hagberg,et al.  Electromyographic signs of shoulder muscular fatigue in two elevated arm positions. , 1981, American journal of physical medicine.

[46]  W. Boyd,et al.  Analysis of the learning curve in telerobotic, beating heart coronary artery bypass grafting: a 90 patient experience. , 2003, The Annals of thoracic surgery.

[47]  L. Mettler,et al.  One year of experience working with the aid of a robotic assistant (the voice-controlled optic holder AESOP) in gynaecological endoscopic surgery. , 1998, Human reproduction.

[48]  S. Horgan,et al.  A prospective analysis of 211 robotic-assisted surgical procedures , 2003, Surgical Endoscopy And Other Interventional Techniques.

[49]  A W Partin,et al.  Comparison of robotic versus human laparoscopic camera control . , 1995, The Journal of urology.

[50]  H. Grillo.  To impart this art: the development of graduate surgical education in the United States. , 1999, Surgery.

[51]  G. Ballantyne.  Robotic surgery, telerobotic surgery, telepresence, and telementoring , 2002, Surgical Endoscopy And Other Interventional Techniques.

[52]  M. Degueldre,et al.  Robotically assisted laparoscopic microsurgical tubal reanastomosis: a feasibility study. , 2000, Fertility and sterility.

[53]  Georg Bartsch,et al.  A comparison of laparoscopic pyeloplasty performed with the daVinci robotic system versus standard laparoscopic techniques: initial clinical results. , 2002, European urology.

[54]  J. Himpens,et al.  Feasibility of Robotic Laparoscopic Surgery: 146 Cases , 2001, World Journal of Surgery.

[55]  Ralph J Damiano,et al.  Robotic cardiac surgery: overview. , 2003, The Surgical clinics of North America.

[56]  Benjamin R. Lee,et al.  Comparison of robotic versus laparoscopic skills: is there a difference in the learning curve? , 2002, Urology.

[57]  Gunning Je,et al.  The history of laparoscopy. , 1974 .

[58]  Tommaso Falcone,et al.  Laparoscopic microsurgical tubal anastomosis with and without robotic assistance. , 2003, Human reproduction.

[59]  Tommaso Falcone,et al.  Minimally invasive management of uterine fibroids , 2002, Current opinion in obstetrics & gynecology.

[60]  H. G. Stassen,et al.  Rasmussen’s model of human behavior in laparoscopy training , 2003, Surgical Endoscopy And Other Interventional Techniques.

[61]  Horwitz St.  Laparoscopy in gynecology. , 1972 .

[62]  T. Falcone,et al.  Robotically assisted laparoscopic hysterectomy and adnexal surgery. , 2001, Journal of laparoendoscopic & advanced surgical techniques. Part A.

[63]  S. Matin,et al.  Initial evaluation of robotic technology for microsurgical vasovasostomy. , 2004, The Journal of urology.

[64]  G. Cundiff,et al.  Effectiveness of laparoscopic cadaveric dissection in enhancing resident comprehension of pelvic anatomy. , 2001, Journal of the American College of Surgeons.

[65]  M. Carlson,et al.  Robotically Assisted Endoscopic Ovarian Transposition , 2003, JSLS : Journal of the Society of Laparoendoscopic Surgeons.

[66]  G. Sung,et al.  Robotic-assisted laparoscopic pyeloplasty: a pilot study. , 1999, Urology.

[67]  T. Falcone,et al.  Robotic-assisted laparoscopic microsurgical tubal anastomosis: a human pilot study. , 2000, Fertility and sterility.

[68]  N. Whitman,et al.  Student Stress: Effects and Solutions , 1984 .

[69]  B. Reitz,et al.  What's new in cardiac surgery. , 2004, Journal of the American College of Surgeons.

[70]  Nathaniel J Soper,et al.  The effect of robotic assistance on learning curves for basic laparoscopic skills. , 2002, American journal of surgery.

[71]  W. Chitwood,et al.  Robotic mitral valve repair: experience with the da Vinci system. , 2003, The Annals of thoracic surgery.

[72]  J Halpenny,et al.  The Training of the Surgeon. , 1918, Canadian Medical Association journal.

[73]  C. N. Gutt,et al.  Early experiences of robotic surgery in children , 2002, Surgical Endoscopy.

[74]  M. Talamini,et al.  Long distance telementoring. A novel tool for laparoscopy aboard the USS Abraham Lincoln. , 1999, Surgical endoscopy.

[75]  Adrian Lobontiu,et al.  Robotic assisted kidney transplantation: an initial experience. , 2002, The Journal of urology.

[76]  H C FALK,et al.  The training of a surgeon. , 1958, The Journal of the Albert Einstein Medical Center, Philadelphia.

[77]  Concepcion R. Diaz-Arrastia,et al.  Laparoscopic hysterectomy using a computer-enhanced surgical robot , 2002, Surgical Endoscopy And Other Interventional Techniques.

[78]  R. Rege,et al.  Laparoscopic skills training. , 2001, American journal of surgery.

[79]  Louis R. Kavoussi,et al.  International surgical telementoring using a robotic arm: Our experience , 2000 .

[80]  A. Siegler,et al.  Laparoscopy in Gynecology , 1969, Obstetrics and gynecology.

[81]  G. Hubens,et al.  A performance study comparing manual and robotically assisted laparoscopic surgery using the da Vinci system , 2003, Surgical Endoscopy And Other Interventional Techniques.

[82]  B. Davies,et al.  Robotic surgery , 1993, IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Magazine.

[83]  M S Rogers,et al.  A randomized prospective study of laparoscopy and laparotomy in the management of benign ovarian masses. , 1997, American journal of obstetrics and gynecology.

[84]  Santiago Horgan,et al.  The role of robotic surgery in morbid obesity. , 2003, Journal of laparoendoscopic & advanced surgical techniques. Part A.

[85]  S. Hayati,et al.  A robot with improved absolute positioning accuracy for CT guided stereotactic brain surgery , 1988, IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering.

[86]  Ara Darzi,et al.  Robot-assisted laparoscopic colorectal surgery. , 2003, The Surgical clinics of North America.

[87]  C. A. Fischer,et al.  Surgeon workload and motion efficiency with robot and human laparoscopic camera control , 2001, Surgical Endoscopy.