Supply-chain corporate venturing through acquisition: Key management team retention

Acquisitions are often used as a way to engage in corporate venturing. The value of these ventures tends to reside in the knowledge and capabilities of the key management team members who have and maintain key inter-organizational relationships. Because their knowledge and/or relationships may be tacit and therefore difficult to transfer, retaining the key managers in the acquired organization is often a critical issue for the human resource management of the acquiring organization. They are also frequently thought to be critical elements in the future performance in global supply chains and therefore, should be a key concern of human resource management after the acquisition has been culminated. Using a unique dataset of corporate acquisitions in supply-chains, we examine how the development of the psychological contract elements affects retention of critical key global managers. We find that higher retention of the key management team members leads to higher performance after acquisition. We also find that the development of the psychological contract has a positive impact on the retention of key managers with global supply-chain relations. © 2010.

[1]  James Brian Quinn,et al.  The intelligent enterprise a new paradigm , 1992 .

[2]  K. Cameron,et al.  Organizational Life Cycles and Shifting Criteria of Effectiveness: Some Preliminary Evidence , 1983 .

[3]  Dwayne D. Gremler,et al.  Understanding Relationship Marketing Outcomes , 2002 .

[4]  Neil E. Beckwith,et al.  1979 educators' conference proceedings , 1979 .

[5]  D. Shepherd,et al.  Entrepreneurial Orientation and Small Business Performance: A Configurational Approach , 2005 .

[6]  G. Hult,et al.  Innovativeness: Its antecedents and impact on business performance , 2004 .

[7]  F. Dwyer,et al.  Developing Buyer-Seller Relationships: , 1987 .

[8]  P. Daugherty,et al.  INFORMATION SUPPORT FOR ALLIANCES: PERFORMANCE IMPLICATIONS , 2002 .

[9]  Theodore P. Stank,et al.  Performance Benefits of Supply Chain Logistical Integration , 2001 .

[10]  Michael G. Harvey,et al.  Global supply chain management: The selection of globally competent managers , 2001 .

[11]  Constantinos C. Markides,et al.  Consequences Of Corporate Refocusing: Ex Ante Evidence , 1992 .

[12]  Barbara W. Keats,et al.  A Causal Model of Linkages Among Environmental Dimensions, Macro Organizational Characteristics, and Performance , 1988 .

[13]  Margaret A. Peteraf The cornerstones of competitive advantage: A resource‐based view , 1993 .

[14]  B. Wernerfelt,et al.  A Resource-Based View of the Firm , 1984 .

[15]  M. Barratt Understanding the meaning of collaboration in the supply chain , 2004 .

[16]  Joseph P. Cannon,et al.  Understanding the Influence of National Culture on the Development of Trust , 1998 .

[17]  Donald C. Hambrick,et al.  Relative Standing: A Framework for Understanding Departures of Acquired Executives , 1993 .

[18]  R. Grant Toward a Knowledge-Based Theory of the Firm,” Strategic Management Journal (17), pp. , 1996 .

[19]  Rita Gunther McGrath Exploratory Learning, Innovative Capacity, and Managerial Oversight , 2001 .

[20]  Mark P. Sharfman On the Advisability of Using CEOs as the Sole Informant in Strategy Research , 1998 .

[21]  P. Williamson,et al.  Related diversification, core competences and corporate performance , 2007 .

[22]  Jay B. Barney,et al.  Returns to bidding firms in mergers and acquisitions: Reconsidering the relatedness hypothesis , 1988 .

[23]  E. L. Nichols,et al.  Key issues in global supply base management , 2004 .

[24]  Paul C. Godfrey,et al.  THE PROBLEM OF UNOBSERVABLES IN STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT RESEARCH , 1995 .

[25]  Donald Tomaskovic-Devey,et al.  Organizational Survey Nonresponse , 1994 .

[26]  R. Scott,et al.  Principles of Relational Contracts , 1981 .

[27]  P. Daugherty,et al.  SUPPLY CHAIN COLLABORATION AND LOGISTICAL SERVICE PERFORMANCE , 2001 .

[28]  D. Hambrick,et al.  TOP EXECUTIVE COMMITMENT TO THE STATUS QUO: SOME TESTS OF ITS DETERMINANTS , 1993 .

[29]  K. Eisenhardt,et al.  Organizational Growth: Linking Founding Team, Strategy, Environment, and Growth among U.S. Semiconductor Ventures, 1978-1988. , 1990 .

[30]  Tasadduq A. Shervani,et al.  Market-Based Assets and Shareholder Value: A Framework for Analysis , 1998 .

[31]  Morgan P. Miles,et al.  Exploring the Practice of Corporate Venturing: Some Common Forms and Their Organizational Implications , 2002 .

[32]  S. Vickery,et al.  Supply Chain Flexibility: An Empirical Study , 1999 .

[33]  S. Snell,et al.  Human resources and the resource based view of the firm , 2001 .

[34]  James R. Brown,et al.  Interdependency, Contracting, and Relational Behavior in Marketing Channels , 1996 .

[35]  Sea Jin Chang,et al.  AN EVOLUTIONARY PERSPECTIVE ON DIVERSIFICATION AND CORPORATE RESTRUCTURING: ENTRY, EXIT, AND ECONOMIC PERFORMANCE DURING 1981–89 , 1996 .

[36]  M. Tushman,et al.  Organizational Evolution: A Metamorphosis Model of Convergence and Reorientation , 1985 .

[37]  John Roberts,et al.  Uncertain Imitability : An Analysis of Interfirm Differences in Efficiency under Competition , 2007 .

[38]  K. Eisenhardt,et al.  Politics of Strategic Decision Making in High-Velocity Environments: Toward a Midrange Theory , 1988 .

[39]  T. Mitchell,et al.  Strategic Decision Processes: Comprehensiveness and Performance in an Industry with an Unstable Environment , 1984 .

[40]  C. Markides,et al.  RESEARCH NOTES. CONSEQUENCES OF CORPORATE REFOCUSING: EX ANTE EVIDENCE. , 1992 .

[41]  K. R. Conner A Historical Comparison of Resource-Based Theory and Five Schools of Thought Within Industrial Organization Economics: Do We Have a New Theory of the Firm? , 1991 .

[42]  Karel Cool,et al.  Asset stock accumulation and sustainability of competitive advantage , 1989 .

[43]  Ezra W. Zuckerman,et al.  Social Capital and Opportunity in Corporate R&D: The Contingent Effect of Contact Density on Mobility Expectations , 1998 .

[44]  J. Hauser,et al.  Integrating R&D and marketing: A review and analysis of the literature , 1996 .

[45]  Jeannie L. Johnson Strategic integration in industrial distribution channels: Managing the interfirm relationship as a strategic asset , 1999 .

[46]  J. Barney Strategic Factor Markets: Expectations, Luck, and Business Strategy , 1986 .

[47]  Michael D. Ensley,et al.  The moderating effect of environmental dynamism on the relationship between entrepreneur leadership behavior and new venture performance , 2006 .

[48]  James R. Brown,et al.  Managing Marketing Channel Opportunism: The Efficacy of Alternative Governance Mechanisms , 2000 .

[49]  Shaker A. Zahra,et al.  Emerging Issues in Corporate Entrepreneurship , 2003 .

[50]  Scott W. Lester,et al.  The effects of psychological contract breach on union commitment , 2004 .

[51]  Ravi Ganesan,et al.  The Yaksha security system , 1996, CACM.

[52]  J. B. Kusewitt An exploratory study of strategic acquisition factors relating to performance , 1985 .

[53]  Richard E. Plank,et al.  Maintaining Buyer-Supplier Partnerships , 1995 .

[54]  James A. Narus,et al.  A Model of Distributor Firm and Manufacturer Firm Working Partnerships , 1990 .

[55]  Gregory G. Dess,et al.  Linking Two Dimensions of Entrepreneurial Orientation to Firm Performance: The Moderating Role of Environment and Industry Life Cycle , 2001 .

[56]  Shankar Ganesan Determinants of Long-Term Orientation in Buyer-Seller Relationships , 1994 .

[57]  R. Coff When Competitive Advantage Doesn't Lead to Performance: The Resource-Based View and Stakeholder Bargaining Power , 1999 .

[58]  R. Coff Human Assets and Management Dilemmas: Coping With Hazards On the Road to Resource-Based Theory , 1997 .

[59]  David P. Lepak,et al.  The Human Resource Architecture: Toward a Theory of Human Capital Allocation and Development , 1999 .

[60]  Lowell W. Busenitz,et al.  The entrepreneurship of resource-based theory , 2001 .

[61]  M. C. Jensen,et al.  Agency Costs of Free Cash Flow, Corporate Finance, and Takeovers , 1999 .

[62]  Amy L. Pablo Determinants of acquisition integration level: A decision-making perspective. , 1994 .

[63]  J. Child Organizational Structure, Environment and Performance: The Role of Strategic Choice , 1972 .

[64]  B. Golden The past is the past--or is it? The use of retrospective accounts as indicators of past strategy. , 1992, Academy of Management journal. Academy of Management.

[65]  J. Johanson,et al.  Creating value through mutual commitment to business network relationships , 1999 .

[66]  Vikas Mehrotra,et al.  Corporate Focus and Value Creation Evidence from Spinoffs , 1997 .

[67]  K. Eisenhardt Agency Theory: An Assessment and Review , 1989 .

[68]  Lalin Narayan Jha,et al.  Human Resources and the Resource Based View of the Firm , 2014 .

[69]  Scott A. Snell,et al.  Virtual HR: Strategic human resource management in the 21st century , 1998 .

[70]  Henry L. Tosi,et al.  On the Measurement of the Environment: An Assessment of the Lawrence and Lorsch Environmental Uncertainty Subscale , 1973 .

[71]  K. Eisenhardt,et al.  The Art of Continuous Change : Linking Complexity Theory and Time-Paced Evolution in Relentlessly Shifting Organizations , 1997 .

[72]  Linda F. Edelman,et al.  Co-alignment in the resource–performance relationship: strategy as mediator , 2005 .

[73]  Brian E. Becker,et al.  HIGH PERFORMANCE WORK SYSTEMS AND FIRM PERFORMANCE : A SYNTHESIS OF RESEARCH AND MANAGERIAL IMPLICATIONS , 1998 .

[74]  D. Rousseau Psychological and implied contracts in organizations , 1989 .

[75]  Donald C. Hambrick,et al.  Effects of executive departures on the performance of acquired firms , 1993 .

[76]  James A. Narus,et al.  Rethinking Distribution: Adaptive Channels , 1996 .

[77]  J. R. Moore,et al.  The theory of the growth of the firm twenty-five years after , 1960 .

[78]  G. Meyer,et al.  The potential of actuarial decision models: Can they improve the venture capital investment decision? , 2000 .

[79]  G. Huber,et al.  Retrospective reports of strategic‐level managers: Guidelines for increasing their accuracy , 1985 .

[80]  Louis Y. Y. Lu,et al.  The R&D and marketing cooperation across new product development stages: An empirical study of Taiwan's IT industry , 2004 .

[81]  Evert Gummesson,et al.  Relationship marketing and imaginary organizations: a synthesis , 1996 .

[82]  John O. Summers,et al.  Relationship Marketing Activities, Commitment, and Membership Behaviors in Professional Associations , 2000 .

[83]  Terry S. Overton,et al.  Estimating Nonresponse Bias in Mail Surveys , 1977 .

[84]  James R. Brown,et al.  Interdependency, Contracting, and Relational Behavior in Marketing Channels: , 1996 .

[85]  C. Moorman,et al.  Strategic Firm Commitments and Rewards for Customer Relationship Management in Online Retailing , 2005 .

[86]  Filotheos Ntalianis,et al.  The Impact of Personality on Psychological Contracts , 2004 .

[87]  Dawn Iacobucci,et al.  Does Relationship Marketing Age Well , 2001 .

[88]  Daniel J. Flint,et al.  Strategic marketing in global supply chains: Four challenges , 2004 .

[89]  Anu Marianne Vainio,et al.  Exchange and combination of knowledge‐based resources in network relationships: A study of software firms in Finland , 2005 .

[90]  G. Odekerken-Schröder,et al.  Investments in Consumer Relationships: A Cross-Country and Cross-Industry Exploration , 2001 .

[91]  S. Tamer Cavusgil,et al.  Enhancing alliance performance: The effects of contractual-based versus relational-based governance , 2006 .

[92]  Rolph E. Anderson,et al.  Multivariate Data Analysis: Text and Readings , 1979 .

[93]  M. Wiersema,et al.  Top management team turnover as an adaptation mechanism: The role of the environment , 1993 .

[94]  Gregory G. Dess,et al.  Dimensions of Organizational Task Environments. , 1984 .

[95]  Robert E. Hoskisson,et al.  BOARD OF DIRECTOR INVOLVEMENT IN RESTRUCTURING: THE EFFECTS OF BOARD VERSUS MANAGERIAL CONTROLS , 1993 .

[96]  Gaylen N. Chandler,et al.  Antecedents, Moderators, and Performance Consequences of Membership Change in New Venture Teams , 2005 .

[97]  Warren Boeker,et al.  Strategic Change: The Effects Of Founding And History , 1989 .

[98]  J. Thomson,et al.  Achieving Post-Acquisition Success: The Role of Corporate Entrepreneurship , 2001 .

[99]  Philip L. Cochran,et al.  Integrated and Decoupled Corporate Social Performance: Management Commitments, External Pressures, and Corporate Ethics Practices , 1999 .

[100]  S. Sitkin,et al.  Corporate Acquisitions: A Process Perspective , 1986 .

[101]  J. Campa,et al.  The European M&A Industry: A Market in the Process of Construction , 2009 .

[102]  P. Schoemaker,et al.  Strategic assets and organizational rent , 1993 .

[103]  Kathleen M. Eisenhardt,et al.  DYNAMIC CAPABILITIES, WHAT ARE THEY? , 2000 .

[104]  Zach G. Zacharia,et al.  Concentrated supply chain membership and financial performance: Chain‐ and firm‐level perspectives , 2010 .

[105]  F. Dwyer,et al.  Developing Buyer-Seller Relationships , 1987 .

[106]  C. Harland,et al.  Barriers to supply chain information integration: SMEs adrift of eLands , 2007 .

[107]  David R. James,et al.  Profit Constraints on Managerial Autonomy: Managerial Theory and the Unmaking of the Corporation President , 1981 .

[108]  Dawn Iacobucci,et al.  Commercial and Interpersonal Relationships; Using the Structure of Interpersonal Relationships to Understand Individual-to-Individual, Individual-to-Firm, and Firm-to-Firm Relationships in Commerce , 1996 .

[109]  Urs Daellenbach,et al.  Spin‐off performance: A case of overstated expectations? , 1992 .

[110]  H. Ngo,et al.  Organization Development and Firm Performance: A Comparison of Multinational and Local Firms , 2001 .

[111]  Robert W. Palmatier,et al.  Factors Influencing the Effectiveness of Relationship Marketing: A Meta-Analysis , 2006 .

[112]  Charles N. Greene,et al.  An Evaluation of Causal Models Linking the Received Role with Job Satisfaction. , 1973 .

[113]  David J. Miller,et al.  The Resource-Based View of the Firm in Two Environments: The Hollywood Film Studios From 1936 to 1965 , 1996 .

[114]  M. Hitt,et al.  Achieving and maintaining strategic competitiveness in the 21st century: The role of strategic leadership , 1999 .

[115]  G. Pisano The R&D Boundaries of the Firm: An Empirical Analysis , 1990 .

[116]  C. Downing Performance Benefits of Web-Based Supply Chain Integration , 2007 .

[117]  P. Adler,et al.  Social Capital: Prospects for a New Concept , 2002 .

[118]  Mark P. Sharfman,et al.  Does Decision Process Matter? A Study Of Strategic Decision-making Effectiveness , 1996 .

[119]  R. Brennan,et al.  Buyer/supplier partnering in British industry: The automotive and telecommunications sectors , 1997 .

[120]  J. Scott Armstrong,et al.  Estimating nonresponse bias in mail surveys. , 1977 .

[121]  E. Morrison,et al.  WHEN EMPLOYEES FEEL BETRAYED: A MODEL OF HOW PSYCHOLOGICAL CONTRACT VIOLATION DEVELOPS , 1997 .