Characterization and classification of matrix effects in biological samples analyses.

An exhaustive classification of matrix effects occurring when a sample preparation is performed prior to liquid-chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (LC-MS) analyses was proposed. A total of eight different situations were identified allowing the recognition of the matrix effect typology via the calculation of four recovery values. A set of 198 compounds was used to evaluate matrix effects after solid phase extraction (SPE) from plasma or urine samples prior to LC-ESI-MS analysis. Matrix effect identification was achieved for all compounds and classified through an organization chart. Only 17% of the tested compounds did not present significant matrix effects.

[1]  J. Abian.  The coupling of gas and liquid chromatography with mass spectrometry , 1999 .

[2]  D. Hercules,et al.  Effect of liquid chromatography separation of complex matrices on liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry signal suppression. , 2001, Journal of chromatography. A.

[3]  W. Lambert,et al.  Matrix effect in bio-analysis of illicit drugs with LC-MS/MS: Influence of ionization type, sample preparation, and biofluid , 2003, Journal of the American Society for Mass Spectrometry.

[4]  Walter A. Korfmacher,et al.  Simultaneous determination of a drug candidate and its metabolite in rat plasma samples using ultrafast monolithic column high-performance liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry. , 2002, Rapid communications in mass spectrometry : RCM.

[5]  Serge Rudaz,et al.  Matrix effect in LC-ESI-MS and LC-APCI-MS with off-line and on-line extraction procedures. , 2004, Journal of chromatography. A.

[6]  J. Veuthey,et al.  Protein precipitation for the analysis of a drug cocktail in plasma by LC-ESI-MS. , 2004, Journal of pharmaceutical and biomedical analysis.

[7]  B. Matuszewski,et al.  Matrix effect in quantitative LC/MS/MS analyses of biological fluids: a method for determination of finasteride in human plasma at picogram per milliliter concentrations. , 1998, Analytical chemistry.

[8]  T. Olah,et al.  The effects of sample preparation methods on the variability of the electrospray ionization response for model drug compounds. , 1999, Rapid communications in mass spectrometry : RCM.

[9]  Dieter Zimmer,et al.  Matrix effects during analysis of plasma samples by electrospray and atmospheric pressure chemical ionization mass spectrometry: practical approaches to their elimination. , 2003, Rapid communications in mass spectrometry : RCM.

[10]  Walter A. Korfmacher,et al.  Investigation of matrix effects in bioanalytical high-performance liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometric assays: application to drug discovery. , 2003, Rapid communications in mass spectrometry : RCM.

[11]  Serge Rudaz,et al.  Evaluation of the influence of protein precipitation prior to on-line SPE-LC-API/MS procedures using multivariate data analysis. , 2007, Journal of chromatography. B, Analytical technologies in the biomedical and life sciences.

[12]  B. Matuszewski,et al.  Strategies for the assessment of matrix effect in quantitative bioanalytical methods based on HPLC-MS/MS. , 2003, Analytical chemistry.

[13]  W. Niessen,et al.  Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry General principles and instrumentation , 1995 .

[14]  Luis E Sojo,et al.  Internal standard signal suppression by co-eluting analyte in isotope dilution LC-ESI-MS. , 2003, The Analyst.

[15]  K. Lemr,et al.  Effects of ion-pairing reagents on the electrospray signal suppression of sulphonated dyes and intermediates. , 2004, Journal of mass spectrometry : JMS.

[16]  J. Henion,et al.  Peer Reviewed: Sample Preparation for LC/MS/MS: Analyzing Biological and Environmental Samples , 1998 .

[17]  H. Niederländer,et al.  Ion suppression in the determination of clenbuterol in urine by solid-phase extraction atmospheric pressure chemical ionisation ion-trap mass spectrometry. , 2003, Rapid communications in mass spectrometry : RCM.

[18]  B. Incledon,et al.  Optimization of protein precipitation based upon effectiveness of protein removal and ionization effect in liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. , 2003, Journal of chromatography. B, Analytical technologies in the biomedical and life sciences.

[19]  Achille Cappiello,et al.  Overcoming matrix effects in liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. , 2008, Analytical chemistry.

[20]  W. Niessen,et al.  Advances in instrumentation in liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry and related liquid-introduction techniques. , 1998, Journal of chromatography. A.

[21]  C. Lim,et al.  Current developments in LC-MS for pharmaceutical analysis. , 2002, Biological & pharmaceutical bulletin.

[22]  H. Maurer,et al.  Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry in forensic and clinical toxicology. , 1998, Journal of chromatography. B, Biomedical sciences and applications.

[23]  Vinod P. Shah,et al.  Workshop/conference report—Quantitative bioanalytical methods validation and implementation: Best practices for chromatographic and ligand binding assays , 2007, The AAPS Journal.

[24]  Anika Ashok,et al.  Guidance for Industry by U.S. Department of Health and Human Services—Food and Drug Administration—Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research (CBER)—February 1999 , 2009 .

[25]  C. Mallet,et al.  A study of ion suppression effects in electrospray ionization from mobile phase additives and solid-phase extracts. , 2004, Rapid communications in mass spectrometry : RCM.

[26]  L. Romanyshyn,et al.  Implications of matrix effects in ultra-fast gradient or fast isocratic liquid chromatography with mass spectrometry in drug discovery. , 2002, Rapid communications in mass spectrometry : RCM.

[27]  P. Marquet,et al.  Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry: potential in forensic and clinical toxicology. , 1999, Journal of chromatography. B, Biomedical sciences and applications.

[28]  Walter A. Korfmacher,et al.  Quantitative screening and matrix effect studies of drug discovery compounds in monkey plasma using fast-gradient liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry. , 2001, Rapid communications in mass spectrometry : RCM.