Block adjustment with additional parameters

Abstract The correction of systematic image errors by additional parameters in selfcalibrating block adjustments has proven to be quite effective and successful. Current research is concerned with the problems of selection, reliability, determinability, and statistical assessment of the additional parameters. The paper reviews the theoretical status of the method and the available experience. It also attempts to draw conclusions about the field and conditions of safe application. Finally, the method is critically evaluated with regard to balancing functional and stochastical mathematical models.