Improved Surface Temperature Prediction for the Coming Decade from a Global Climate Model

Previous climate model projections of climate change accounted for external forcing from natural and anthropogenic sources but did not attempt to predict internally generated natural variability. We present a new modeling system that predicts both internal variability and externally forced changes and hence forecasts surface temperature with substantially improved skill throughout a decade, both globally and in many regions. Our system predicts that internal variability will partially offset the anthropogenic global warming signal for the next few years. However, climate will continue to warm, with at least half of the years after 2009 predicted to exceed the warmest year currently on record.

[1]  John R. Christy,et al.  THE IMPACT OF MOUNT PINATUBO ON WORLD‐WIDE TEMPERATURES , 1996 .

[2]  Paleoceanography. , 2021, Science.

[3]  G. Boer,et al.  Long time-scale potential predictability in an ensemble of coupled climate models , 2004 .

[4]  Matthew D. Collins,et al.  Assessing the Relative Roles of Initial and Boundary Conditions in Interannual to Decadal Climate Predictability , 2002 .

[5]  J. Kennedy,et al.  Global and regional climate in 2003 , 2004 .

[6]  M. Collins,et al.  Predictability of decadal variations in the thermohaline circulation and climate , 2003 .

[7]  J. Ashby References and Notes , 1999 .

[8]  Doug M. Smith,et al.  An objective ocean temperature and salinity analysis using covariances from a global climate model , 2007 .

[9]  F. Zwiers Climate change: The 20-year forecast , 2002, Nature.

[10]  P. Stott,et al.  External control of 20th century temperature by natural and anthropogenic forcings. , 2000, Science.

[11]  P. Jones,et al.  Hemispheric and Large-Scale Surface Air Temperature Variations: An Extensive Revision and an Update to 2001. , 2003 .

[12]  A. Timmermann,et al.  Interannual to Decadal Predictability in a Coupled Ocean–Atmosphere General Circulation Model , 1999 .

[13]  Stewart W. Franks,et al.  Predictions in ungauged basins : international perspectives on the state of the art and pathways forward , 2005 .

[14]  Stephen M. Griffies,et al.  Predictability of North Atlantic Multidecadal Climate Variability , 1997, Science.

[15]  Matthew D. Collins,et al.  Frequency distributions of transient regional climate change from perturbed physics ensembles of general circulation model simulations , 2006 .

[16]  John F. B. Mitchell,et al.  The simulation of SST, sea ice extents and ocean heat transports in a version of the Hadley Centre coupled model without flux adjustments , 2000 .

[17]  R. Rosenfeld Nature , 2009, Otolaryngology--head and neck surgery : official journal of American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery.

[18]  W. Baumeister,et al.  Supporting online material Materials and methods , 2002 .

[19]  M. Latif,et al.  Estimating the decadal predictability of a coupled AOGCM , 2004 .

[20]  Michael Botzet,et al.  Reconstructing, Monitoring, and Predicting Multidecadal-Scale Changes in the North Atlantic Thermohaline Circulation with Sea Surface Temperature , 2004 .

[21]  A. Hollingsworth,et al.  Some aspects of the improvement in skill of numerical weather prediction , 2002 .

[22]  Thomas M. Smith,et al.  Global temperature change and its uncertainties since 1861 , 2001 .

[23]  M. Noguer,et al.  Climate change 2001: The scientific basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Third Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change , 2002 .

[24]  P. Stott,et al.  Origins and estimates of uncertainty in predictions of twenty-first century temperature rise , 2002, Nature.

[25]  Andrew P. Morse,et al.  DEVELOPMENT OF A EUROPEAN MULTIMODEL ENSEMBLE SYSTEM FOR SEASONAL-TO-INTERANNUAL PREDICTION (DEMETER) , 2004 .

[26]  B. Soden,et al.  An Assessment of Climate Feedbacks in Coupled Ocean–Atmosphere Models , 2006 .

[27]  H. L. Miller,et al.  Climate Change 2007: The Physical Science Basis , 2007 .

[28]  Terry C. K. Lee,et al.  Evidence of Decadal Climate Prediction Skill Resulting from Changes in Anthropogenic Forcing , 2006 .

[29]  John F. B. Mitchell,et al.  Anthropogenic climate change for 1860 to 2100 simulated with the HadCM3 model under updated emissions scenarios , 2003 .

[30]  Timothy P. Boyer,et al.  Warming of the world ocean, 1955–2003 , 2005 .