Neural Mechanism for Mirrored Self-face Recognition

Self-face recognition in the mirror is considered to involve multiple processes that integrate 2 perceptual cues: temporal contingency of the visual feedback on one's action (contingency cue) and matching with self-face representation in long-term memory (figurative cue). The aim of this study was to examine the neural bases of these processes by manipulating 2 perceptual cues using a “virtual mirror” system. This system allowed online dynamic presentations of real-time and delayed self- or other facial actions. Perception-level processes were identified as responses to only a single perceptual cue. The effect of the contingency cue was identified in the cuneus. The regions sensitive to the figurative cue were subdivided by the response to a static self-face, which was identified in the right temporal, parietal, and frontal regions, but not in the bilateral occipitoparietal regions. Semantic- or integration-level processes, including amodal self-representation and belief validation, which allow modality-independent self-recognition and the resolution of potential conflicts between perceptual cues, respectively, were identified in distinct regions in the right frontal and insular cortices. The results are supportive of the multicomponent notion of self-recognition and suggest a critical role for contingency detection in the co-emergence of self-recognition and empathy in infants.

[1]  C. Frith,et al.  Experiencing Oneself vs Another Person as Being the Cause of an Action: The Neural Correlates of the Experience of Agency , 2002, NeuroImage.

[2]  David Badre,et al.  Cognitive control, hierarchy, and the rostro–caudal organization of the frontal lobes , 2008, Trends in Cognitive Sciences.

[3]  Jody C. Culham,et al.  fMRI reveals a preference for near viewing in the human parieto-occipital cortex , 2007, NeuroImage.

[4]  Marco Iacoboni,et al.  The self across the senses: an fMRI study of self-face and self-voice recognition. , 2008, Social cognitive and affective neuroscience.

[5]  P. C. Murphy,et al.  Cerebral Cortex , 2017, Cerebral Cortex.

[6]  D. Reiss,et al.  Mirror self-recognition in the bottlenose dolphin: A case of cognitive convergence , 2001, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[7]  M Coltheart,et al.  Mirrored-self Misidentification: Two Cases of Focal Onset Dementia , 2001, Neurocase.

[8]  Diana Reiss,et al.  Self-recognition in an Asian elephant , 2006, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.

[9]  B. Skinner,et al.  "Self-awareness" in the pigeon. , 1981, Science.

[10]  Karl J. Friston,et al.  Analysis of intersubject variability in activation: An application to the incidental episodic retrieval during recognition test , 2007, Human brain mapping.

[11]  M. Ghilardi,et al.  Patterns of regional brain activation associated with different forms of motor learning , 2000, Brain Research.

[12]  D. Wolpert,et al.  Explaining the symptoms of schizophrenia: Abnormalities in the awareness of action , 2000, Brain Research Reviews.

[13]  R. Passingham,et al.  Prefrontal interactions reflect future task operations , 2003, Nature Neuroscience.

[14]  B. Hart,et al.  Large brains and cognition: Where do elephants fit in? , 2008, Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews.

[15]  Ryuta Kawashima,et al.  Self-face evaluation and self-esteem in young females: An fMRI study using contrast effect , 2012, NeuroImage.

[16]  Kosha Ruparel,et al.  Neural substrates for functionally discriminating self‐face from personally familiar faces , 2006, Human brain mapping.

[17]  Armin Thron,et al.  An fMRI approach to particularize the frontoparietal network for visuomotor action monitoring: Detection of incongruence between test subjects’ actions and resulting perceptions , 2007, NeuroImage.

[18]  Marc Jeannerod,et al.  Modulating the experience of agency: a positron emission tomography study , 2003, NeuroImage.

[19]  Tokiko Harada,et al.  The role of the right prefrontal cortex in self-evaluation of the face: A functional magnetic resonance imaging study , 2008 .

[20]  J. M. Anderson,et al.  Responses of human frontal cortex to surprising events are predicted by formal associative learning theory , 2001, Nature Neuroscience.

[21]  A. Dale,et al.  Functional Analysis of V3A and Related Areas in Human Visual Cortex , 1997, The Journal of Neuroscience.

[22]  K. Zilles,et al.  Neural consequences of acting in near versus far space: a physiological basis for clinical dissociations. , 2000, Brain : a journal of neurology.

[23]  Dave Forrester,et al.  Facing the perfect contingency: interactions with the self at 2 and 3 months. , 2007, Infant behavior & development.

[24]  G. G. Gallop.  Chimpanzees: self-recognition. , 1970, Science.

[25]  C. Summerfield,et al.  An information theoretical approach to prefrontal executive function , 2007, Trends in Cognitive Sciences.

[26]  M. Coltheart.  The neuropsychology of delusions , 2010, Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences.

[27]  Nadim Joni Shah,et al.  The extrastriate cortex distinguishes between the consequences of one's own and others' behavior , 2007, NeuroImage.

[28]  K. Loveland.  Discovering the affordances of a reflecting surface , 1986 .

[29]  R. Kawashima,et al.  Self‐face recognition in social context , 2012, Human brain mapping.

[30]  A. Nakamura,et al.  Neural substrates for recognition of familiar voices: a PET study , 2001, Neuropsychologia.

[31]  Michael Erb,et al.  The neural correlates of perceiving one's own movements , 2003, NeuroImage.

[32]  J. Anderson,et al.  The development of self-recognition: a review. , 1984, Developmental psychobiology.

[33]  Simon B. Eickhoff,et al.  Meta-analytical definition and functional connectivity of the human vestibular cortex , 2012, NeuroImage.

[34]  M. L. Howe,et al.  Variability in the early development of visual self-recognition , 2004 .

[35]  Michael Lewis,et al.  The development of early visual self-recognition , 1984 .

[36]  K. Thilo,et al.  Vestibular inputs to human motion-sensitive visual cortex. , 2012, Cerebral cortex.

[37]  A Berthoz,et al.  Visual perception of motion and 3-D structure from motion: an fMRI study. , 2000, Cerebral cortex.

[38]  O. Blanke,et al.  Multisensory Mechanisms in Temporo-Parietal Cortex Support Self-Location and First-Person Perspective , 2011, Neuron.

[39]  Michael H. Connors,et al.  On the behaviour of senile dementia patients vis-à-vis the mirror: Ajuriaguerra, Strejilevitch and Tissot (1963) , 2011, Neuropsychologia.

[40]  J. Nadel,et al.  Expectancies for social contingency in 2‐month‐olds , 1999 .

[41]  Shigeru Sato,et al.  Face-specific and domain-general characteristics of cortical responses during self-recognition , 2008, NeuroImage.

[42]  Shigeru Sato,et al.  Multiple brain networks for visual self-recognition with different sensitivity for motion and body part , 2006, NeuroImage.

[43]  Motoaki Sugiura,et al.  Associative Account of Self-Cognition: Extended Forward Model and Multi-Layer Structure , 2013, Front. Hum. Neurosci..

[44]  G. G. Gallup,et al.  Self‐awareness and the emergence of mind in primates , 1982, American journal of primatology.

[45]  Claire Hughes,et al.  Early Social Cognition , 2010 .

[46]  Istvan Molnar-Szakacs,et al.  Self-face recognition activates a frontoparietal “mirror” network in the right hemisphere: an event-related fMRI study , 2005, NeuroImage.

[47]  C. Zahn-Waxler,et al.  Development of concern for others. , 1992 .

[48]  T. Suddendorf,et al.  The evolution of primate visual self-recognition: evidence of absence in lesser apes , 2009, Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences.

[49]  G. Gallup.  Chimpanzees: Self-Recognition , 1970, Science.

[50]  C. Degueldre,et al.  Here I am: The cortical correlates of visual self-recognition , 2007, Brain Research.

[51]  D. Wegner,et al.  Apparent mental causation. Sources of the experience of will. , 1999, The American psychologist.

[52]  L. Marino.  Convergence of Complex Cognitive Abilities in Cetaceans and Primates , 2002, Brain, Behavior and Evolution.

[53]  J. Watson,et al.  Early socio–emotional development: Contingency perception and the social-biofeedback model. , 1999 .

[54]  T. Robbins,et al.  The role of the lateral frontal cortex in causal associative learning: exploring preventative and super-learning. , 2004, Cerebral cortex.

[55]  A. Bigelow,et al.  The correspondence between self- and image movement as a cue to self-recognition for young children. , 1981, The Journal of genetic psychology.

[56]  S. Kinomura,et al.  A PET Study of Visuomotor Learning under Optical Rotation , 2000, NeuroImage.

[57]  J. Porta‐Etessam,et al.  Mirrored-self misidentification in a patient without dementia: evidence for right hemispheric and bifrontal damage , 2011, Neurocase.