Transcribing screen-capture data: the process of developing a transcription system for multi-modal text-based data

Abstract Transcription of audio data is widespread in qualitative research, with transcription of video data also becoming common. Online data is now being collected using screen-capture or video software, which then needs transcribing. This paper draws together literature on transcription of spoken interaction and highlights key transcription principles, namely reflecting the methodological approach, readability, accessibility, and usability. These principles provide a framework for developing a transcription system for multi-modal text-based data. The process of developing a transcription system for data from Facebook chat is described and reflected on. Key issues in the transcription of multi-modal text-based data are discussed, and examples provided of how these were overcome when developing the transcription system.

[1]  E. Stokoe,et al.  The order of ordering: Objects, requests and embodied conduct in a public bar , 2014 .

[2]  Martyn Hammersley,et al.  Reproducing or constructing? Some questions about transcription in social research , 2010 .

[3]  C. Goodwin Gestures as a resource for the organization of mutual orientation , 1986 .

[4]  Mary Bucholtz,et al.  The politics of transcription , 2000 .

[5]  G. Jefferson Glossary of transcript symbols with an introduction , 2004 .

[6]  B. Webber The Handbook of Discourse Analysis , 2005 .

[7]  Jonathan A. Smith,et al.  Commentaries on Potter and Hepburn, ‘Qualitative interviews in psychology: problems and possibilities’ , 2005 .

[8]  C. Davidson Transcription: Imperatives for Qualitative Research , 2009 .

[9]  J. Lapadat,et al.  Transcription in Research and Practice: From Standardization of Technique to Interpretive Positionings , 1999 .

[10]  Neil S. Coulson,et al.  Receiving Social Support Online: An Analysis of a Computer-Mediated Support Group for Individuals Living with Irritable Bowel Syndrome , 2005, Cyberpsychology Behav. Soc. Netw..

[11]  Jonathan Potter,et al.  Directives: Entitlement and contingency in action , 2010 .

[12]  Judith C. Lapadat,et al.  Problematizing transcription: Purpose, paradigm and quality , 2000 .

[13]  Ursula Faber,et al.  Sequence Organization In Interaction A Primer In Conversation Analysis , 2016 .

[14]  E. Schegloff Overlapping talk and the organization of turn-taking for conversation , 2000, Language in Society.

[15]  Christian Heath,et al.  Video Analysis and Qualitative Research , 2010 .

[16]  Robin Wooffitt,et al.  Conversation Analysis: Principles, Practices and Applications , 1998 .

[17]  C. Goodwin Restarts, Pauses, and the Achievement of a State of Mutual Gaze at Turn‐Beginning , 1980 .

[18]  Jack S. Damico,et al.  A transcription toolkit: theoretical and clinical considerations , 2002, Clinical linguistics & phonetics.

[19]  D. Mavers,et al.  Multimodal transcription as academic practice: a social semiotic perspective , 2011 .

[20]  J. Potter,et al.  Qualitative interviews in psychology: problems and possibilities , 2005 .

[21]  Yijin Wu,et al.  The Handbook of Conversation Analysis , 2015 .

[22]  Christian Heath,et al.  Gesture and Institutional Interaction , 2011 .

[23]  Rodney H. Jones Data collection and transcription in discourse analysis: A technological history , 2013 .

[24]  N. Baym The emergence of on-line community , 1998 .

[25]  Jack Whalen,et al.  Sociology as a Natural Observational Science@@@Structures of Social Action: Studies in Conversation Analysis. , 1987 .

[26]  Ibrar Bhatt,et al.  Capturing the sociomateriality of digital literacy events , 2014 .

[27]  P. Have Doing conversation analysis , 2007 .

[28]  Cindy M. Bird How I Stopped Dreading and Learned to Love Transcription , 2005 .

[29]  Michael Beißwenger,et al.  Situated Chat Analysis as a Window to the User's Perspective: Aspects of Temporal and Sequential Organization , 2008 .

[30]  Susan C. Herring Interactional Coherence in CMC , 1999, J. Comput. Mediat. Commun..

[31]  Susan C. Herring,et al.  A Faceted Classification Scheme for Computer-Mediated Discourse , 2007 .

[32]  E. Schegloff,et al.  Opening up Closings , 1973 .

[33]  John W. Du Bois Transcription Design Principles for Spoken Discourse Research , 1991 .

[34]  Joanne Meredith,et al.  Repair: Comparing Facebook ‘chat’ with spoken interaction , 2014 .

[35]  Lois W. Sayrs Interviews : an introduction to qualitative research interviewing , 1996 .

[36]  G. Gobo,et al.  Perspectives on decolonising methodologies : Special Issue on International Journal of Social Research Methodology , 2011 .

[37]  J. Chatwin Conversation analysis. , 2004, Complementary therapies in medicine.

[38]  Angela Cora Garcia,et al.  The Eyes of the Beholder: Understanding the Turn-Taking System in Quasi-Synchronous Computer-Mediated Communication , 1999 .

[39]  Steven D. Brown,et al.  It's a scream: professional hearing and tape fetishism☆ , 2004 .

[40]  Joanne Meredith,et al.  Conversation analysis and electronic interactions: Methodological, analytic and technical considerations , 2014 .

[41]  Jane A. Edwards,et al.  The Transcription of Discourse , 2005 .

[42]  Steven G. Jones Cybersociety 2.0: revisiting computer-mediated communication and community , 1998 .

[43]  Charles Goodwin,et al.  Embodied Interaction: Language And Body In The Material World , 2014 .

[44]  C. Håkanson Living with irritable bowel syndrome. , 1999, Nursing.

[45]  J. Lapadat,et al.  Examining Transcription: A Theory-Laden Methodology. , 1998 .

[46]  Charles Goodwin,et al.  Participation, stance and affect in the organization of activities , 2007 .

[47]  Sigrid Norris,et al.  Analyzing Multimodal Interaction: A Methodological Framework , 2004 .

[48]  Jeffrey D. Robinson,et al.  Interobserver Agreement on First-Stage Conversation Analytic Transcription , 2004 .

[49]  J. M. Atkinson Structures of Social Action: Contents , 1985 .