Automatic Nevirapine concentration interpretation system using support vector regression

Follow-up of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) patients treated with Nevirapine (NVP) is a necessary process to evaluate the drug resistance and the HIV mutation. It is also usually tested by immunochromatographic (IC) strip test. However, it is difficult to estimate the amount of drug the patient gets by visually inspection of color. In this paper, we propose an automatic interpretation system using a commercialized optical scanner. Several IC strips can be placed at any direction as long as they are on the scanner plate. There are three steps in the system, i.e., light intensity normalization, image segmentation and NVP concentration interpretation. We utilized the Support Vector Regression to interpret the NVP concentration. From the results, we found out the performance of the system is promising and better than that of the linear and nonlinear regression.

[1]  S. Paek,et al.  Performance Control Strategies of One-Step Immuno-Chromatographic Assay System for Salmonella Typhimurium , 1999 .

[2]  Venu Govindaraju,et al.  Historical document image enhancement using background light intensity normalization , 2004, ICPR 2004.

[3]  C. Tayapiwatana,et al.  Immunochromatographic Strip Test for Rapid Detection of Nevirapine in Plasma Samples from Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Infected Patients , 2007, Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy.

[4]  James C. Bezdek,et al.  Pattern Recognition with Fuzzy Objective Function Algorithms , 1981, Advanced Applications in Pattern Recognition.

[5]  C. Glad,et al.  Immunocapillarymigration--a new method for immunochemical quantitation. , 1978, Analytical biochemistry.

[6]  N. Theera-Umpon,et al.  Interpretation of nevirapine concentration from immunochromatographic strip test using support vector regression , 2008, 2008 IEEE International Conference on Mechatronics and Automation.

[7]  S. H. Lee,et al.  Development of rapid one-step immunochromatographic assay. , 2000, Methods.

[8]  Vladimir Vapnik,et al.  An overview of statistical learning theory , 1999, IEEE Trans. Neural Networks.

[9]  Jin-Ho Seo,et al.  Production of a monoclonal antibody against ochratoxin A and its application to immunochromatographic assay. , 2005, Journal of agricultural and food chemistry.

[10]  J Carlsson,et al.  Quantitative detection in the attomole range for immunochromatographic tests by means of a flatbed scanner. , 2001, Analytical biochemistry.

[11]  I-Chang Jou,et al.  Quantitative computer image analysis of serum /spl alpha/-fetoprotein rapid gold immunochromatographic dipstick assay , 2004, Proceedings. Fourth IEEE Symposium on Bioinformatics and Bioengineering.

[12]  Rong-Hwa Shyu,et al.  Colloidal gold-based immunochromatographic assay for detection of botulinum neurotoxin type B. , 2004, Journal of chromatography. B, Analytical technologies in the biomedical and life sciences.

[13]  H. Rosing,et al.  Simple and rapid method for the simultaneous determination of the non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors efavirenz and nevirapine in human plasma using liquid chromatography. , 2003, Journal of chromatography. B, Analytical technologies in the biomedical and life sciences.

[14]  C. Tayapiwatana,et al.  Development of a one-step immunochromatographic strip test for the rapid detection of nevirapine (NVP), a commonly used antiretroviral drug for the treatment of HIV/AIDS. , 2007, Talanta.

[15]  Nello Cristianini,et al.  An Introduction to Support Vector Machines and Other Kernel-based Learning Methods , 2000 .

[16]  Chern-Sheng Lin,et al.  Rapid bio-test strips reader with image processing technology , 2004 .

[17]  Walter H. Buchsbaum,et al.  Color TV servicing , 1975 .

[18]  A. V. Zherdev,et al.  An Immunochromatographic Assay of 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid and Simazine Using Monoclonal Antibodies Labeled with Colloidal Gold , 2004, Russian Journal of Bioorganic Chemistry.