Consequence and impact of electric utility industry restructuring on transient stability and small-signal stability analysis

The electric utility industry is undergoing unprecedented changes in its structure worldwide. With the advent of an open market environment and competition in the industry, and restructuring of the industry into separate generation, transmission, and distribution entities, new issues in power system operation and planning are inevitable. One of the major consequences of this new electric utility environment is the greater emphasis on reliability and secure operation of the power system. This paper examines the impact of restructuring on power system dynamic analysis. It specifically addresses issues related to transient stability analysis and small-signal stability analysis. Four major topics to examine the effect on the nature of studies conducted are considered. These topics are: (1) system adequacy and security, (2) system modeling data requirements, (3) system protection and control, and (4) system restoration. The consequences and impact of each of these topics on the nature of the studies conducted are examined and discussed. The emphasis on greater reliability has led to a clearer enunciation of standards, measurements, and guides in some countries. These requirements will result in: (1) more measurements on existing systems, (2) rigorous analysis of transient stability and small-signal stability to determine operating limits and plan systems, (3) greater emphasis on studies to verify coordination and proper performance of protection and controls, and (4) development of a detailed plan for system restoration in the case of wide-spread outages.

[1]  J. Undrill.  Issues of power plant control in relation to system frequency control , 1999, IEEE Power Engineering Society. 1999 Winter Meeting (Cat. No.99CH36233).

[2]  IEEE Power System Engineering.  A Description of Discrete Supplementary Controls for Stability , 1978, IEEE Transactions on Power Apparatus and Systems.

[3]  Ieee Standards Board.  IEEE guide for synchronous generator modeling practices in stability analyses , 1991 .

[4]  J. H. Kehler.  Frequency regulation from steam turbine generators , 1999, IEEE Power Engineering Society. 1999 Winter Meeting (Cat. No.99CH36233).

[5]  R. Cresap,et al.  Northwest Power Pool Transient Stability and Load Shedding Controls for Generation-Load Imbalances , 1981, IEEE Transactions on Power Apparatus and Systems.

[6]  A..  Large frequency disturbances: analysis and modeling needs , 1999, IEEE Power Engineering Society. 1999 Winter Meeting (Cat. No.99CH36233).

[7]  Vijay Vittal,et al.  Transient Stability Test Systems for Direct Stability Methods , 1992 .

[8]  M. M. Adibi,et al.  Reactive capability limitation of synchronous machines , 1994 .

[9]  C. W. Taylor.  Power System Voltage Stability , 1993 .

[10]  K. L. Hicks.  Power/energy: Hybrid load shedding is frequency based: Time at a given frequency is also important, bringing stabilization in a matter of seconds even when as much as two thirds of the load must be shed , 1983, IEEE Spectrum.

[11]  K. R. Padiyar,et al.  ENERGY FUNCTION ANALYSIS FOR POWER SYSTEM STABILITY , 1990 .

[12]  Peter W. Sauer,et al.  Power System Dynamics and Stability , 1997 .

[13]  S. Virmani.  Security impacts of changes in governor response , 1999, IEEE Power Engineering Society. 1999 Winter Meeting (Cat. No.99CH36233).

[14]  T. Van Cutsem,et al.  Voltage instability: phenomena, countermeasures, and analysis methods , 2000, Proc. IEEE.

[15]  A. Panvini,et al.  Field assessment of generators reactive capability , 1995 .

[16]  P. M. Anderson,et al.  Industry experience with special protection schemes , 1996 .

[17]  I. A. Erinmez,et al.  NGC experience with frequency control in England and Wales-provision of frequency response by generators , 1999, IEEE Power Engineering Society. 1999 Winter Meeting (Cat. No.99CH36233).

[18]  F. W. Gay.  System Stability , 1941, Transactions of the American Institute of Electrical Engineers.

[19]  Siemens Westinghouse.  Frequency Control Considerations for Modern Steam and Combustion Turbines , 1998 .

[20]  Edward Wilson Kimbark,et al.  Power System Stability , 1948 .

[21]  P. Kundur,et al.  Power system stability and control , 1994 .

[22]  C. W. Taylor,et al.  Static var compensator models for power flow and dynamic performance simulation , 1994 .

[23]  James D. McCalley,et al.  Online risk-based security assessment , 2002 .

[24]  P.M. Anderson.  Reliability criteria for system dynamic performance , 1977, IEEE Transactions on Power Apparatus and Systems.

[25]  Proposed Terms & Definitions for Power System Stability , 1982, IEEE Transactions on Power Apparatus and Systems.

[26]  S. P. Hoffman.  NERC interconnected operations services policy developments related to frequency control , 1999, IEEE Power Engineering Society. 1999 Winter Meeting (Cat. No.99CH36233).

[27]  Vijay Vittal,et al.  Power System Transient Stability Analysis Using the Transient Energy Function Method , 1991 .

[28]  J. Zaborszky,et al.  New Approaches in Power System Restoration , 1992, IEEE Power Engineering Review.

[29]  N. E. Nilsson,et al.  Synchronous generator capability curve testing and evaluation , 1994 .

[30]  J. Hauer,et al.  Measurement and Modeling of Pacific AC Intertie Response to Random Load Switching , 1981, IEEE Transactions on Power Apparatus and Systems.

[31]  J.D. McCalley,et al.  An overview of risk based security assessment , 1999, 1999 IEEE Power Engineering Society Summer Meeting. Conference Proceedings (Cat. No.99CH36364).

[32]  K. Walve.  Frequency control in the Nordic Power System experiences and requirements , 1999, IEEE Power Engineering Society. 1999 Winter Meeting (Cat. No.99CH36233).

[33]  Charles Concordia,et al.  Power System Stability , 1985, IEEE Power Engineering Review.

[34]  C. Rowland,et al.  Coordination of Load Conservation with Turbine-Generator Underfrequency Protection , 1980, IEEE Transactions on Power Apparatus and Systems.

[35]  H. H. Happ,et al.  Power System Control and Stability , 1979, IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics.

[36]  O. P. Malik,et al.  Computer models for representation of digital-based excitation systems. Commentary , 1996 .

[37]  Ieee Standards Board.  IEEE recommended practice for excitation system models for power system stability studies , 1992 .

[38]  Richard P. Schulz.  Modeling of governing response in the Eastern Interconnection , 1999, IEEE Power Engineering Society. 1999 Winter Meeting (Cat. No.99CH36233).

[39]  Kwok W. Cheung,et al.  BC Hydro's on-line transient stability assessment (TSA) model development, analysis and post-processing , 1995 .

[40]  E. K. Nielsen,et al.  An operations view of special protection systems , 1988 .

[41]  G. K. Girgis,et al.  Recommended models for overexcitation limiting devices. Discussion , 1995 .

[42]  Gelopulos.  Midterm simulation of electric power systems. Final report , 1979 .

[43]  J. J. Ancona.  A framework for power system restoration following a major power failure , 1995 .

[44]  R. P. Schulz,et al.  Long-term power system dynamics, Phase III. Volume 2. LOTDYS user's guide. Final report , 1982 .

[45]  M. Fly.  Modelling of Frequency Control in an Island System , 1998 .

[46]  G. R. Berube,et al.  Modeling based on field tests of turbine/governor systems , 1999, IEEE Power Engineering Society. 1999 Winter Meeting (Cat. No.99CH36233).

[47]  L. K. Kirchmayer,et al.  Long term dynamic response of power systems: An analysis of major disturbances , 1975, IEEE Transactions on Power Apparatus and Systems.

[48]  M.M. Adibi,et al.  Overvoltage Control During Restoration , 1992, IEEE Power Engineering Review.

[49]  J. W. Feltes,et al.  A methodology for management of spinning reserve requirements , 1999, IEEE Power Engineering Society. 1999 Winter Meeting (Cat. No.99CH36233).

[50]  J. Casazza,et al.  The Development of Electric Power Transmission: The Role Played by Technology, Institutions, and People , 1992 .

[51]  M. M. Adibi.  Bulk Power System Restoration Training Techniques , 2000 .