Pollinators of Oxypetalum (Asclepiadaceae) in southeastern Brazil.

Floral visitors of seven species of Oxypetalum were registered in Viçosa, State of Minas Gerais. O. appendiculatum, O. banksii subsp, banksii, O. alpinumn var. alpinum and O. pachyglossum are pollinated by wasps, being Polybia ignobilis (Vespidae) a pollinator of these four species. It seems that P ignobilis promotes interspecific pollinations mainly between O. alpinum var. alpinum and O. pachyglossum, two species with very similar floral morphology. O. jacobinae, O. mexiae and O. subriparium are pollinated by bees. Wasps and bees carry one, two, three or several pollinaria in the mouthparts. O. mexiae, an endemic species in Viçosa, seems to present reproductive limitations, since its flowers are seldom visited.

[1]  M. Vieira,et al.  Biologia reprodutiva de especies de oxypetalum (Asclepiadaceae), na região de Viçosa, MG, Sudeste brasileiro , 1998 .

[2]  P. Forster.  Diurnal insects associated with the flowers of Gomphocarpus physocarpus E. Mey (Asclepiadaceae), an introduced weed in Australia , 1994 .

[3]  P. Forster.  Pollination of 'Hoya australis' (Asclepiadaceae) by 'Ocybadistes walkeri sothis' (Lepidoptera: Hesperiidae) , 1992 .

[4]  S. Liede,et al.  Studies in the pollination biology of Sarcostemma viminale R. BR. sensu lato , 1991 .

[5]  V. Grant,et al.  Natural Hybridization between Ipomopsis aggregata and I. tenuituba (Polemoniaceae) , 1988, Botanical Gazette.

[6]  D. H. Morse.  Milkweeds and their Visitors , 1985 .

[7]  S. Kephart.  The Partitioning of Pollinators among Three Species of Asclepias , 1983 .

[8]  S. Bookman.  THE FLORAL MORPHOLOGY OF ASCLEPIAS SPECIOSA (ASCLEPIADACEAE) IN RELATION TO POLLINATION AND A CLARIFICATION IN TERMINOLOGY FOR THE GENUS , 1981 .

[9]  M. Willson,et al.  Effectiveness of diurnal and nocturnal pollination of two milkweeds , 1980 .

[10]  M. Willson,et al.  Nectar Production and Flower Visitors of Asclepias verticillata , 1979 .

[11]  M. Willson,et al.  Flower-visitors, nectar production, and inflorescence size of Asclepias syriaca , 1979 .

[12]  H. Wanntorp.  Calotropis gigantea (Asclepiadaceae) and Xylocopa tenuiscapa (Hymenoptera, Apidae): studies in flower morphology and pollination biology , 1974 .

[13]  Knut Faegri,et al.  The principles of pollination ecology , 1967 .

[14]  S. W. Frost.  Insects and Pollinia , 1965 .

[15]  Lazarus Walter Macior,et al.  Insect Adaptation and Behavior in Asclepias pollination , 1965 .

[16]  W. T..  Floral Morphology: , 1937, Nature.

[17]  Susan E. Yost,et al.  The reproductive biology of Vincetoxicum nigrum (L.) Moench (Asclepiadaceae), a Mediterranean weed in New York State. , 1995 .

[18]  D. H. Morse,et al.  The Quality of Pollination by Diurnal and Nocturnal Insects Visiting Common Milkweed, Asclepias syriaca , 1991 .

[19]  R. Harley,et al.  Contribuição ao estudo das Asclepiadaceae brasileiras - XXIV. Checklist preliminar do Estado da Bahia , 1989 .

[20]  D. Roubik,et al.  Ecology and natural history of tropical bees: Extant families, subfamilies, tribes, genera, and subgenera of the Apoidea: a partial checklist , 1989 .

[21]  P. Tomlinson,et al.  Lumnitzera rosea (Combretaceae) -- Its Status and Floral Morphology , 1978, Journal of the Arnold Arboretum..

[22]  J. F. Pereira,et al.  CONTRIBUIÇÃO AO ESTUDO DAS ASCLEPIADACEAE BRASILEIRAS, V. Estudo taxonômico e anatômico de Oxypetalum Banksii Roem. et Schult , 1971 .

[23]  Peter Yeo,et al.  Natural history of pollination , 1947 .