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data types are also called extended-type objects, because they extend the basic built-in types of a programming language. Languages that support abstract data types include Simula 67 [Dah172], CLU [Lisk77], Alphard [Wulf76], MODEL [Morr78], and Ada. These languages are sometimes called "object-oriented" languages. Example: Figure 4.19 shows the principal components of a type module for a stack of integer elements, implemented as a sequential vector; all procedures are available outside the module. II A type module encapsulates objects in a small protection domain. These objects can be accessed only through external procedures that serve as protected entry points into the module. The module provides an environment for information hiding, where the low-level representation of an object is hidden from outside procedures that perform high-level operations on the data. The principal motivation for abstract data types is program reliability and

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