Arrays of dielectric elastomer microactuators for cell mechanotransduction

Keywords: dielectric elastomer actuator ; microactuators ; low energy ion-implantation ; cell stretcher ; high throughput ; theoretical analysis These Ecole polytechnique federale de Lausanne EPFL, n° 5697 (2013)Programme doctoral Microsystemes et MicroelectroniqueFaculte des sciences et techniques de l'ingenieurInstitut de microtechniqueLaboratoire des microsystemes pour les technologies spatialesJury: P.-A. Farine (president), F. Carpi, I. Graz, Ph. Renaud Public defense: 2013-6-6 Reference doi:10.5075/epfl-thesis-5697Print copy in library catalog Record created on 2013-05-28, modified on 2016-08-09

[1]  J. H. Wang,et al.  An Introductory Review of Cell Mechanobiology , 2006, Biomechanics and modeling in mechanobiology.

[2]  S W Hui,et al.  Electric field-directed cell shape changes, displacement, and cytoskeletal reorganization are calcium dependent , 1988, The Journal of cell biology.

[3]  Roop L Mahajan,et al.  A uniaxial bioMEMS device for imaging single cell response during quantitative force-displacement measurements , 2008, Biomedical microdevices.

[4]  A. Sun,et al.  Normalization of diabetes in spontaneously diabetic cynomologus monkeys by xenografts of microencapsulated porcine islets without immunosuppression. , 1996, The Journal of clinical investigation.

[5]  S. Boxer,et al.  Cell adhesion to protein-micropatterned-supported lipid bilayer membranes. , 2001, Journal of biomedical materials research.

[6]  T. Ghosh,et al.  Dielectric elastomers as next-generation polymeric actuators. , 2007, Soft matter.

[7]  H. Shea,et al.  Flexible and stretchable electrodes for dielectric elastomer actuators , 2012, Applied Physics A.

[8]  Z. Suo,et al.  Theory of dielectric elastomers capable of giant deformation of actuation. , 2010, Physical review letters.

[9]  Zhibin Yu,et al.  Bistable Large‐Strain Actuation of Interpenetrating Polymer Networks , 2012, Advanced materials.

[10]  A. Khademhosseini,et al.  Hydrogels in Regenerative Medicine , 2009, Advanced materials.

[11]  Z. Suo,et al.  Dielectric elastomer actuators under equal-biaxial forces, uniaxial forces, and uniaxial constraint of stiff fibers , 2012 .

[12]  C Jordi,et al.  Fish-like propulsion of an airship with planar membrane dielectric elastomer actuators , 2010, Bioinspiration & biomimetics.

[13]  James D. Johnson,et al.  Pancreatic cell immobilization in alginate beads produced by emulsion and internal gelation , 2011, Biotechnology and bioengineering.

[14]  M. Boyce,et al.  A three-dimensional constitutive model for the large stretch behavior of rubber elastic materials , 1993 .

[15]  田代 郁.  World Haptics 2009 , 2009 .

[16]  P. Dubois,et al.  Metal Ion Implantation for the Fabrication of Stretchable Electrodes on Elastomers , 2009 .

[17]  D. Mooney,et al.  Alginate: properties and biomedical applications. , 2012, Progress in polymer science.

[18]  Douglas A Lauffenburger,et al.  Microfluidic shear devices for quantitative analysis of cell adhesion. , 2004, Analytical chemistry.

[19]  Q. Pei,et al.  High-field deformation of elastomeric dielectrics for actuators , 2000 .

[20]  Robert Langer,et al.  Preparation of monodisperse biodegradable polymer microparticles using a microfluidic flow-focusing device for controlled drug delivery. , 2009, Small.

[21]  Z. Dang,et al.  Carbon nanotube composites with high dielectric constant at low percolation threshold , 2005 .

[22]  Z. Suo.  Theory of dielectric elastomers , 2010 .

[23]  Mehdi Boukallel,et al.  Actuation means for the mechanical stimulation of living cells via microelectromechanical systems: A critical review. , 2011, Journal of biomechanics.

[24]  Samuel Rosset,et al.  Stretching cells with DEAs , 2012, Smart Structures.

[25]  A. Majumdar,et al.  Stamp-and-stick room-temperature bonding technique for microdevices , 2005, Journal of Microelectromechanical Systems.

[26]  Dino Di Carlo,et al.  Hydrodynamic stretching of single cells for large population mechanical phenotyping , 2012, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.

[27]  Kimiko Yamamoto,et al.  Fluid shear stress induces differentiation of Flk-1-positive embryonic stem cells into vascular endothelial cells in vitro. , 2005, American journal of physiology. Heart and circulatory physiology.

[28]  Gaudenz Danuser,et al.  Microcontact printing of novel co-polymers in combination with proteins for cell-biological applications. , 2003, Biomaterials.

[29]  Herbert Shea,et al.  Miniaturized EAPs with compliant electrodes fabricated by ion implantation , 2011, Smart Structures and Materials + Nondestructive Evaluation and Health Monitoring.

[30]  Paolo Milani,et al.  Highly Deformable Nanostructured Elastomeric Electrodes With Improving Conductivity Upon Cyclical Stretching , 2011, Advanced materials.

[31]  Samuel Rosset,et al.  Microstructure of 5 keV gold-implanted polydimethylsiloxane , 2008 .

[32]  Herbert Shea,et al.  An array of 100 μm × 100 μm dielectric elastomer actuators with 80% strain for tissue engineering applications , 2012 .

[33]  Helmut F. Schlaak,et al.  Dielectric elastomer actuators for tactile displays , 2009, World Haptics 2009 - Third Joint EuroHaptics conference and Symposium on Haptic Interfaces for Virtual Environment and Teleoperator Systems.

[34]  D. Mooney,et al.  Hydrogels for tissue engineering: scaffold design variables and applications. , 2003, Biomaterials.

[35]  Y. Rhee,et al.  Generation of monodisperse alginate microbeads and in situ encapsulation of cell in microfluidic device , 2007, Biomedical microdevices.

[36]  Jonathan Rossiter,et al.  Harnessing electromechanical membrane wrinkling for actuation , 2012 .

[37]  R G Dennis,et al.  Microtubule assembly is regulated by externally applied strain in cultured smooth muscle cells. , 1998, Journal of cell science.

[38]  Xin Zhang,et al.  Microsystems for cellular force measurement: a review , 2011 .

[39]  C. Keplinger,et al.  Röntgen’s electrode-free elastomer actuators without electromechanical pull-in instability , 2010, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.

[40]  Xu Zhang,et al.  Micromechanical stimulator for localized cell loading: fabrication and strain analysis , 2012 .

[41]  Samuel Rosset,et al.  Ion-implanted compliant electrodes used in dielectric electroactive polymer actuators with large displacement , 2009 .

[42]  Hongkai Wu,et al.  A convenient platform of tunable microlens arrays for the study of cellular responses to mechanical strains , 2011 .

[43]  M. Shive,et al.  Shear stress-induced apoptosis of adherent neutrophils: a mechanism for persistence of cardiovascular device infections. , 2000, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[44]  A. Gent.  A New Constitutive Relation for Rubber , 1996 .

[45]  S. Konishi,et al.  Sealing method of PDMS as elastic material for MEMS , 2008, 2008 IEEE 21st International Conference on Micro Electro Mechanical Systems.

[46]  Jianwen Xu,et al.  Low-loss percolative dielectric composite , 2005 .

[47]  T D Brown,et al.  Techniques for mechanical stimulation of cells in vitro: a review. , 2000, Journal of biomechanics.

[48]  J. Y. Sim,et al.  Integrated strain array for cellular mechanobiology studies , 2011, Journal of micromechanics and microengineering : structures, devices, and systems.

[49]  Linhong Deng,et al.  Universal physical responses to stretch in the living cell , 2007, Nature.

[50]  M. Panda,et al.  On the question of percolation threshold in polyvinylidene fluoride/nanocrystalline nickel composites , 2008 .

[51]  Jagannathan Rajagopalan,et al.  MEMS sensors and microsystems for cell mechanobiology , 2011, Journal of micromechanics and microengineering : structures, devices, and systems.

[52]  Martin Yarmush,et al.  Alginate‐PLL microencapsulation: Effect on the differentiation of embryonic stem cells into hepatocytes , 2006, Biotechnology and bioengineering.

[53]  Herbert Shea,et al.  Arrays of EAP micro-actuators for single-cell stretching applications , 2010, Smart Structures and Materials + Nondestructive Evaluation and Health Monitoring.

[54]  Herbert Shea,et al.  Multilayer dielectric elastomer actuators with ion implanted electrodes , 2011, Smart Structures and Materials + Nondestructive Evaluation and Health Monitoring.

[55]  Ron Pelrine,et al.  Ultrahigh strain response of field-actuated elastomeric polymers , 2000, Smart Structures and Materials + Nondestructive Evaluation and Health Monitoring.

[56]  W. Kraus,et al.  Endothelial, cardiac muscle and skeletal muscle exhibit different viscous and elastic properties as determined by atomic force microscopy. , 2001, Journal of biomechanics.

[57]  D. De Rossi,et al.  Folded dielectric elastomer actuators , 2007 .

[58]  Randall J Lee,et al.  The use of human mesenchymal stem cells encapsulated in RGD modified alginate microspheres in the repair of myocardial infarction in the rat. , 2010, Biomaterials.

[59]  R. Gambari,et al.  Encapsulation of eukaryotic cells in alginate microparticles: cell signaling by TNF-alpha through capsular structure of cystic fibrosis cells , 2011, Journal of Cell Communication and Signaling.

[60]  Frank Nüesch,et al.  New Silicone Composites for Dielectric Elastomer Actuator Applications In Competition with Acrylic Foil , 2011 .

[61]  H. Kong,et al.  Hydrogels used for cell-based drug delivery. , 2008, Journal of biomedical materials research. Part A.

[62]  S. Dubowsky,et al.  Large-scale failure modes of dielectric elastomer actuators , 2006 .

[63]  D. De Rossi,et al.  Bioinspired Tunable Lens with Muscle‐Like Electroactive Elastomers , 2011 .

[64]  R M Nerem,et al.  Micropipette Aspiration of Cultured Bovine Aortic Endothelial Cells Exposed to Shear Stress , 1987, Arteriosclerosis.

[65]  M. Chiquet,et al.  Mechanical signals regulating extracellular matrix gene expression in fibroblasts , 2005, Scandinavian journal of medicine & science in sports.

[66]  M. Magnani,et al.  Cell-based drug delivery. , 2008, Advanced drug delivery reviews.

[67]  Y. Suzuki,et al.  Microelectrostrictive Actuator With Large Out-of-Plane Deformation for Flow-Control Application , 2007, Journal of Microelectromechanical Systems.

[68]  Jinxiong Zhou,et al.  Electromechanical stability of dielectric elastomer composites with enhanced permittivity , 2013 .

[69]  A. Carpentier,et al.  Myocardial Assistance by Grafting a New Bioartificial Upgraded Myocardium (MAGNUM Clinical Trial): One Year Follow-Up , 2007, Cell transplantation.

[70]  S. Suresh,et al.  Cell and molecular mechanics of biological materials , 2003, Nature materials.

[71]  Iain A. Anderson,et al.  A thin membrane artificial muscle rotary motor , 2009 .

[72]  Yu Sun,et al.  A microfabricated platform for high-throughput unconfined compression of micropatterned biomaterial arrays. , 2010, Biomaterials.

[73]  D. Ingber,et al.  Mechanotransduction across the cell surface and through the cytoskeleton , 1993 .

[74]  Toshiro Ohashi,et al.  Regulation of cyclic longitudinal mechanical stretch on proliferation of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. , 2007, Molecular & cellular biomechanics : MCB.

[75]  Herbert Shea,et al.  Arrays of 100μm x 100μm dielectric elastomer actuators to strain the single cells , 2011 .

[76]  Steven Dubowsky,et al.  On the performance mechanisms of Dielectric Elastomer Actuators , 2007 .

[77]  Helmut F. Schlaak,et al.  Peristaltic pump made of dielectric elastomer actuators , 2009, Smart Structures and Materials + Nondestructive Evaluation and Health Monitoring.

[78]  H J Donahue,et al.  Differential effect of steady versus oscillating flow on bone cells. , 1998, Journal of biomechanics.

[79]  Peter Sommer-Larsen,et al.  Mechanical properties of dielectric elastomer actuators with smart metallic compliant electrodes , 2002, SPIE Smart Structures and Materials + Nondestructive Evaluation and Health Monitoring.

[80]  R. Pelrine,et al.  DESIGN AND PERFORMANCE OF AN ELECTROSTRICTIVE-POLYMER-FILM ACOUSTIC ACTUATOR , 1998 .

[81]  A. Levchenko,et al.  Microengineered platforms for cell mechanobiology. , 2009, Annual review of biomedical engineering.

[82]  Jin Woong Kim,et al.  A microfluidic approach to encapsulate living cells in uniform alginate hydrogel microparticles. , 2012, Macromolecular bioscience.

[83]  Jan Vanfleteren,et al.  Thin-film stretchable electronics technology based on meandering interconnections: fabrication and mechanical performance , 2011 .

[84]  Herbert Shea,et al.  Microfabrication and characterization of an array of dielectric elastomer actuators generating uniaxial strain to stretch individual cells , 2012 .

[85]  S. Bryant,et al.  Cell encapsulation in biodegradable hydrogels for tissue engineering applications. , 2008, Tissue engineering. Part B, Reviews.

[86]  C. Keplinger,et al.  Harnessing snap-through instability in soft dielectrics to achieve giant voltage-triggered deformation , 2012 .

[87]  Qibing Pei,et al.  Highly stretchable, conductive, and transparent nanotube thin films , 2009 .

[88]  Herbert Shea,et al.  Electrical conductivity and Young"s modulus of flexible nanocomposites made by metal ion implantation of Polydimethylsiloxane: the relationship between nanostructure and macroscopic properties , 2011 .

[89]  Shuichi Takayama,et al.  Individually programmable cell stretching microwell arrays actuated by a Braille display. , 2008, Biomaterials.

[90]  Choon Chiang Foo,et al.  Giant, voltage-actuated deformation of a dielectric elastomer under dead load , 2012 .

[91]  Viola Vogel,et al.  Bacterial Adhesion to Target Cells Enhanced by Shear Force , 2002, Cell.

[92]  P. Dubois,et al.  Large-Stroke Dielectric Elastomer Actuators With Ion-Implanted Electrodes , 2009, Journal of Microelectromechanical Systems.

[93]  Ron Pelrine,et al.  Multiple-degrees-of-freedom electroelastomer roll actuators , 2004 .

[94]  Gang-Yu Liu,et al.  Cell mechanics using atomic force microscopy-based single-cell compression. , 2006, Langmuir : the ACS journal of surfaces and colloids.

[95]  W. Yuan,et al.  Dielectric oil coated single-walled carbon nanotube electrodes for stable, large-strain actuation with dielectric elastomers , 2009 .

[96]  P Lotz,et al.  Fabrication and Application of Miniaturized Dielectric Elastomer Stack Actuators , 2011, IEEE/ASME Transactions on Mechatronics.

[97]  K. Khanafer,et al.  Effects of strain rate, mixing ratio, and stress–strain definition on the mechanical behavior of the polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) material as related to its biological applications , 2009, Biomedical microdevices.

[98]  Takeshi Morita,et al.  IWPMA 2012 9th international workshop on piezoelectric materials and applications in actuators , 2013 .

[99]  Sean J Kirkpatrick,et al.  Endothelial cell cytoskeletal alignment independent of fluid shear stress on micropatterned surfaces. , 2008, Biochemical and biophysical research communications.

[100]  R. Vaidyanathan,et al.  Spray deposited multilayered dielectric elastomer actuators , 2011 .

[101]  Esmaeel Khanmirza,et al.  System identification techniques of smart structures with piezoelements , 2006 .

[102]  Jianxin Chen,et al.  Twisting integrin receptors increases endothelin-1 gene expression in endothelial cells. , 2001, American journal of physiology. Cell physiology.

[103]  W. Yuan,et al.  Fault‐Tolerant Dielectric Elastomer Actuators using Single‐Walled Carbon Nanotube Electrodes , 2008 .

[104]  G. Kofod,et al.  Dielectric properties and electric breakdown strength of a subpercolative composite of carbon black in thermoplastic copolymer , 2009 .

[105]  S. Chizhik,et al.  Atomic force microscopy probing of cell elasticity. , 2007, Micron.

[106]  C. Woo,et al.  DESIGN OF MECHANICAL TESTING SPECIMENS FOR RUBBER MATERIAL USING FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS , 2007 .

[107]  Andreas Stemmer,et al.  Low voltage, highly tunable diffraction grating based on dielectric elastomer actuators , 2007, SPIE Smart Structures and Materials + Nondestructive Evaluation and Health Monitoring.

[108]  Guggi Kofod,et al.  Elastic block copolymer nanocomposites with controlled interfacial interactions for artificial muscles with direct voltage control , 2011 .

[109]  C. Lim,et al.  Mechanics of the human red blood cell deformed by optical tweezers , 2003 .

[110]  O. Yeoh.  Some Forms of the Strain Energy Function for Rubber , 1993 .

[111]  Lorenzo Capretto,et al.  Effect of the gelation process on the production of alginate microbeads by microfluidic chip technology. , 2008, Lab on a chip.

[112]  R. Pelrine,et al.  Actuation Response of Polyacrylate Dielectric Elastomers , 2003 .

[113]  Samin Akbari,et al.  Shape Control of Smart Structures using Fluidic Actuators , 2007 .

[114]  Bruce J Tromberg,et al.  The need for speed , 2012, Smart Structures.

[115]  M. Dadras,et al.  Voltage Control of the Resonance Frequency of Dielectric Electroactive Polymer (DEAP) Membranes , 2008, Journal of Microelectromechanical Systems.

[116]  Samuel Rosset,et al.  Array of lenses with individually tunable focal-length based on transparent ion-implanted EAPs , 2010, Smart Structures and Materials + Nondestructive Evaluation and Health Monitoring.

[117]  Shih-Siou Wang,et al.  Development of high-throughput perfusion-based microbioreactor platform capable of providing tunable dynamic tensile loading to cells and its application for the study of bovine articular chondrocytes , 2011, Biomedical microdevices.

[118]  R. Pelrine,et al.  Electrostriction of polymer dielectrics with compliant electrodes as a means of actuation , 1998 .

[119]  R. Ogden.  Large deformation isotropic elasticity – on the correlation of theory and experiment for incompressible rubberlike solids , 1972, Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. A. Mathematical and Physical Sciences.

[120]  R. Hochmuth,et al.  Micropipette aspiration of living cells. , 2000, Journal of biomechanics.

[121]  Alex Groisman,et al.  Quantitative measurements of the strength of adhesion of human neutrophils to a substratum in a microfluidic device. , 2007, Analytical chemistry.

[122]  Bruce K. Gale,et al.  Determining the optimal PDMS–PDMS bonding technique for microfluidic devices , 2008 .

[123]  Z. Suo,et al.  Mechanisms of Large Actuation Strain in Dielectric Elastomers , 2011 .

[124]  Qibing Pei,et al.  Refreshable tactile displays based on bistable electroactive polymer , 2011, Smart Structures and Materials + Nondestructive Evaluation and Health Monitoring.

[125]  Todd A. Gisby,et al.  Multi-functional dielectric elastomer artificial muscles for soft and smart machines , 2012 .

[126]  Z. Suo,et al.  Design and performance of thin metal film interconnects for skin-like electronic circuits , 2004, IEEE Electron Device Letters.

[127]  Roop L Mahajan,et al.  A uniaxial bioMEMS device for quantitative force-displacement measurements , 2007, Biomedical microdevices.

[128]  S. Michel,et al.  Stacked dielectric elastomer actuator for tensile force transmission , 2009 .

[129]  R. Zare,et al.  Construction of microfluidic chips using polydimethylsiloxane for adhesive bonding. , 2005, Lab on a chip.

[130]  Q. Pei,et al.  High-speed electrically actuated elastomers with strain greater than 100% , 2000, Science.

[131]  Z. Suo,et al.  Method to analyze electromechanical stability of dielectric elastomers , 2007 .

[132]  Patrick Lochmatter,et al.  An arm wrestling robot driven by dielectric elastomer actuators , 2007 .

[133]  Zhigang Suo,et al.  Dielectric Elastomer Generators: How Much Energy Can Be Converted? , 2011, IEEE/ASME Transactions on Mechatronics.

[134]  Stephen B. Dunnett,et al.  On-chip alginate microencapsulation of functional cells , 2008 .

[135]  Z. Suo,et al.  Complex interplay of nonlinear processes in dielectric elastomers. , 2012, Physical review. E, Statistical, nonlinear, and soft matter physics.

[136]  S. Takeuchi,et al.  Monodisperse Alginate Hydrogel Microbeads for Cell Encapsulation , 2007 .

[137]  N Scuor,et al.  Design of a novel MEMS platform for the biaxial stimulation of living cells , 2006, Biomedical microdevices.

[138]  Yves Leterrier,et al.  Frequency dependent dielectric and mechanical behavior of elastomers for actuator applications , 2009 .