Towards Producing Human-Validated Translation Resources for the Fula language through WordNet Linking

We propose methods to link automatically parsed linguistic data to the WordNet. We apply these methods on a trilingual dictionary in Fula, English and French. Dictionary entry parsing is used to collect the linguistic data. Then we connect it to the Open Multilingual WordNet (OMW) through two attempts, and use confidence scores to quantify accuracy. We obtained 11,000 entries in parsing and linked about 58% to the OMW on the first attempt, and an additional 14% in the second one. These links are due to be validated by Fula speakers before being added to the Kamusi Project’s database.

[1]  Michael E. Lesk,et al.  Automatic sense disambiguation using machine readable dictionaries: how to tell a pine cone from an ice cream cone , 1986, SIGDOC '86.

[2]  Roberto Navigli,et al.  Word sense disambiguation: A survey , 2009, CSUR.

[3]  Francis Bond,et al.  Linking and Extending an Open Multilingual Wordnet , 2013, ACL.

[4]  George A. Vouros,et al.  Towards automatic merging of domain ontologies: The HCONE-merge approach , 2006, J. Web Semant..

[5]  Christiane Fellbaum,et al.  Introducing the Arabic WordNet project , 2006 .

[6]  Christiane Fellbaum,et al.  Challenges of a Global WordNet. , 2008 .

[7]  Christiane Fellbaum,et al.  Challenges for a multilingual wordnet , 2012, Lang. Resour. Evaluation.

[8]  Ralf Hauser,et al.  Dictionary entry Parsing using the LEXPARSE system , 1993 .

[9]  Sarmad Hussain,et al.  Structural Analysis of Linking Urdu WordNet to PWN 2.1 , 2014 .

[10]  Michael C. McCord,et al.  ACQUIRING LEXICAL DATA FROM MACHINE-READABLE DICTIONARY RESOURCES FOR MACHINE TRANSLATION , 1990 .

[11]  Eneko Agirre,et al.  Disambiguating bilingual nominal entries against WordNet , 1995, ArXiv.

[12]  John P. McCrae,et al.  CILI: the Collaborative Interlingual Index , 2016, GWC.

[13]  Hitoshi Isahara,et al.  Development of the Japanese WordNet , 2008, LREC.

[14]  Nancy Ide,et al.  Introduction to the Special Issue on Word Sense Disambiguation: The State of the Art , 1998, Comput. Linguistics.

[15]  David J. Dwyer,et al.  A Fulfulde (Maasina) - English - French Lexicon: A Root-Based Compilation Drawn from Extant Sources , 1993 .

[16]  Piek Vossen.  Introduction to EuroWordNet , 1998 .

[17]  Branimir Boguraev,et al.  Dictionaries, Dictionary Grammars and Dictionary Entry Parsing , 1989, ACL.

[18]  Thomas Hofmann,et al.  Probabilistic latent semantic indexing , 1999, SIGIR '99.

[19]  Peter Ladefoged.  A phonetic study of West African languages: An auditory-instrumental survey , 1968 .

[20]  Francis Bond,et al.  A Survey of WordNets and their Licenses , 2011 .

[21]  Kevin Knight,et al.  Building a Large-Scale Knowledge Base for Machine Translation , 1994, AAAI.