Additional burden of iron deficiency in heart failure patients beyond the cardio‐renal anaemia syndrome: findings from the BIOSTAT‐CHF study

Whereas the combination of anaemia and chronic kidney disease (CKD) has been extensively studied in patients with heart failure (HF), the contribution of iron deficiency (ID) to this dysfunctional interplay is unknown. We aimed to assess clinical associates and pathophysiological pathways related to ID in this multimorbid syndrome.

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