Recent physical activity in relation to DNA damage and repair using the comet assay.

BACKGROUND Limited evidence suggests that very high-intensity exercise is positively associated with DNA damage but moderate exercise may be associated with DNA repair. METHODS Participants were 220 healthy, Washington State 50- to 76-year-olds in the validity/biomarker substudy of the VITamins And Lifestyle (VITAL) cohort, who provided blood samples and completed questionnaires assessing recent physical activity and demographic and health factors. Measures included nested activity subsets: total activity, moderate- plus high-intensity activity, and high-intensity activity. DNA damage (n = 122) and repair (n = 99) were measured using the comet assay. Multivariate linear regression was used to estimate regression coefficients and associated 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for relationships between MET-hours per week of activity and each DNA outcome (damage, and 15- and 60-minute repair capacities). RESULTS DNA damage was not associated with any measure of activity. However, 60-minute DNA repair was positively associated with both total activity (β = 0.21, 95% CI: 0.0057-0.412; P = .044) and high-intensity activity (β = 0.31, 95% CI: 0.20-0.60; P = .036), adjusting for age, sex, BMI, and current multivitamin use. CONCLUSIONS This study is the first to assess broad ranges of activity intensity levels related to DNA damage and repair. Physical activity was unrelated to DNA damage but was associated with increased repair.

[1]  P. Heagerty,et al.  Recreational physical activity and risk of papillary thyroid cancer among women in the California Teachers Study. , 2013, Cancer epidemiology.

[2]  P. Olive,et al.  Heterogeneity in Radiation-Induced DNA Damage and Repair in Tumor and Normal Cells Measured Using the “Comet” Assay , 1990 .

[3]  F. Galvano,et al.  DNA damage in normal-weight obese syndrome measured by Comet assay , 2010 .

[4]  T. Reilly,et al.  Lifestyle factors and colorectal cancer risk (2): a systematic review and meta‐analysis of associations with leisure‐time physical activity , 2009, Colorectal disease : the official journal of the Association of Coloproctology of Great Britain and Ireland.

[5]  S. Orgül,et al.  Comet assay analysis of single–stranded DNA breaks in circulating leukocytes of glaucoma patients , 2008, Molecular vision.

[6]  H. Bartsch,et al.  Short-term moderate exercise programs reduce oxidative DNA damage as determined by high-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry in patients with colorectal carcinoma following primary treatment , 2008, Scandinavian journal of gastroenterology.

[7]  T. Mizoue,et al.  Body mass index and oxidative DNA damage: A longitudinal study , 2007, Cancer science.

[8]  D. Stram,et al.  Long-term recreational physical activity and risk of invasive and in situ breast cancer: the California teachers study. , 2007, Archives of internal medicine.

[9]  A. Trentham-Dietz,et al.  Lifetime Recreational and Occupational Physical Activity and Risk of In situ and Invasive Breast Cancer , 2007, Cancer Epidemiology Biomarkers & Prevention.

[10]  D. Voskuil,et al.  Physical Activity and Breast Cancer: A Systematic Review , 2007, Epidemiology.

[11]  Awadhesh N Jha,et al.  Reliable Comet assay measurements for detecting DNA damage induced by ionising radiation and chemicals. , 2006, Mutation research.

[12]  W. Parkhouse,et al.  The effects of age and physical activity on cardiac mitochondrial DNA template availability , 1995, AGE.

[13]  E. McAuley,et al.  Is social desirability associated with self-reported physical activity? , 2005, Preventive medicine.

[14]  T. Marshall,et al.  A meta‐analysis of the association of physical activity with reduced risk of colorectal cancer , 2005, Colorectal disease : the official journal of the Association of Coloproctology of Great Britain and Ireland.

[15]  T. Kaneko,et al.  The effects of moderate, strenuous, and overtraining on oxidative stress markers and DNA repair in rat liver. , 2005, Canadian journal of applied physiology = Revue canadienne de physiologie appliquee.

[16]  Charles E Matthews,et al.  The effect of social desirability and social approval on self-reports of physical activity. , 2005, American journal of epidemiology.

[17]  M. Traber,et al.  Endurance exercise results in DNA damage as detected by the comet assay. , 2004, Free radical biology & medicine.

[18]  J. Potter,et al.  Assessment of a One-Page Questionnaire on Long-Term Recreational Physical Activity , 2004, Epidemiology.

[19]  J. Daling,et al.  Recreational physical activity and risk of papillary thyroid cancer (United States) , 2001, Cancer Causes & Control.

[20]  J. Potter,et al.  VITamins And Lifestyle cohort study: study design and characteristics of supplement users. , 2004, American journal of epidemiology.

[21]  C. Kooperberg,et al.  Recreational physical activity and the risk of breast cancer in postmenopausal women: the Women's Health Initiative Cohort Study. , 2003, JAMA.

[22]  J. Potter,et al.  Reliability and validity of self-report of vitamin and mineral supplement use in the vitamins and lifestyle study. , 2003, American journal of epidemiology.

[23]  D. Kang.  Oxidative stress, DNA damage, and breast cancer. , 2002, AACN clinical issues.

[24]  J. Speakman,et al.  Antioxidant enzyme activities, lipid peroxidation, and DNA oxidative damage: the effects of short-term voluntary wheel running. , 2002, Archives of biochemistry and biophysics.

[25]  D. Brison,et al.  The spectrum of DNA damage in human sperm assessed by single cell gel electrophoresis (Comet assay) and its relationship to fertilization and embryo development. , 2002, Human reproduction.

[26]  B. Epe,et al.  Role of Endogenous Oxidative DNA Damage in Carcinogenesis: What Can We Learn from Repair-Deficient Mice? , 2002, Biological chemistry.

[27]  H. Naito,et al.  Exercise training decreases DNA damage and increases DNA repair and resistance against oxidative stress of proteins in aged rat skeletal muscle , 2002, Pflügers Archiv.

[28]  M. Altamirano-Lozano,et al.  Total antioxidant levels, gender, and age as risk factors for DNA damage in lymphocytes of the elderly , 2001, Mechanisms of Ageing and Development.

[29]  J. Hoeijmakers.  Genome maintenance mechanisms for preventing cancer , 2001, Nature.

[30]  A. Leathem,et al.  Effect of phytoestrogen and antioxidant supplementation on oxidative DNA damage assessed using the comet assay. , 2001, Mutation research.

[31]  Shoko Kawanami,et al.  Life Style and Urinary 8‐Hydroxydeoxyguanosine, a Marker of Oxidative DNA Damage: Effects of Exercise, Working Conditions, Meat Intake, Body Mass Index, and Smoking , 2001, Japanese journal of cancer research : Gann.

[32]  H. Dienemann,et al.  Rapid screening assay for mutagen sensitivity and DNA repair capacity in human peripheral blood lymphocytes. , 2001, Mutagenesis.

[33]  V. Garaj-vrhovac,et al.  Evaluation of DNA damage in workers occupationally exposed to pesticides using single-cell gel electrophoresis (SCGE) assay. Pesticide genotoxicity revealed by comet assay. , 2000, Mutation research.

[34]  B E Ainsworth,et al.  Compendium of physical activities: an update of activity codes and MET intensities. , 2000, Medicine and science in sports and exercise.

[35]  F. Kassie,et al.  Single cell gel electrophoresis assay: a new technique for human biomonitoring studies. , 2000, Mutation research.

[36]  J. Mclean,et al.  Comet assay: rapid processing of multiple samples. , 2000, Mutation research.

[37]  R. Tice,et al.  Single cell gel/comet assay: Guidelines for in vitro and in vivo genetic toxicology testing , 2000, Environmental and molecular mutagenesis.

[38]  S. Loft,et al.  Methods to detect DNA damage by free radicals: relation to exercise , 1999, Proceedings of the Nutrition Society.

[39]  A. Collins,et al.  The comet assay: what can it really tell us? , 1997, Mutation research.

[40]  S. Loft,et al.  Cancer risk and oxidative DNA damage in man , 1997, Journal of Molecular Medicine.

[41]  M. Sandri,et al.  Apoptosis, DNA damage and ubiquitin expression in normal and mdx muscle fibers after exercise , 1995, FEBS letters.

[42]  P. Olive,et al.  The comet assay: a comprehensive review. , 1995, Mutation research.

[43]  B. Henderson,et al.  Physical exercise and reduced risk of breast cancer in young women. , 1994, Journal of the National Cancer Institute.

[44]  U. Plappert,et al.  Does physical activity induce DNA damage? , 1994, Mutagenesis.

[45]  A. Tjønneland,et al.  Oxidative DNA damage estimated by 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine excretion in humans: influence of smoking, gender and body mass index. , 1992, Carcinogenesis.

[46]  B. Ames,et al.  Endogenous oxidative DNA damage, aging, and cancer. , 1989, Free radical research communications.

[47]  G. Brooks,et al.  Free radicals and tissue damage produced by exercise. , 1982, Biochemical and biophysical research communications.