Prediction methods for dispersed flow film boiling

Abstract The prediction methods for dispersed flow film boiling (DFFB) are reviewed. The correlation work, based on modifications of the Dittus-Boelter correlation for single-phase flow, is discussed first. The merits and limits of this approach are analysed, and the need for more advanced methods accounting for thermal non-equilibrium is evaluated. The phenomenological models aiming to calculate the vapour superheat are discussed, highlighting the assumptions used in their development. Better predictions are possible by using mechanistic models, where the empiricism is shifted to the closure laws. It is shown, however, that even the latest models do not consider important phenomena such as droplet break-up and liquid fractions cross-sectional distribution, and this failure can cause severe errors in the prediction of the cooling effectiveness of the mixture. Finally, a new model aiming to overcome these limitations and based on the Lagrangian description of the droplet hydrodynamics is briefly outlined.

[1]  T. Lin,et al.  Turbulent forced convective heat transfer in two-phase evaporating droplet flow through a vertical pipe , 1989 .

[2]  K. Almenas,et al.  Size and number density change of droplet populations above a quench front during reflood , 1984 .

[3]  Franz Durst,et al.  On the motion of particles in turbulent duct flows , 1982 .

[4]  C. Osuagwu.  Three-Step Model of Dispersed Flow Heat Transfer (Post CHF Vertical Flow) , 1989 .

[5]  Mamoru Ishii,et al.  Generation and Size Distribution of Droplet in Annular Two-Phase Flow , 1983 .

[6]  Geoffrey F. Hewitt,et al.  Particle motion in a turbulent pipe flow , 1989 .

[7]  Cetin Unal,et al.  A phenomenological model of the thermal hydraulics of convective boiling during the quenching of hot rod bundles Part I: Thermal hydraulic model , 1992 .

[8]  R. A. Moose,et al.  On the calculation of wall temperatures in the post dryout heat transfer region , 1982 .

[9]  M. Ishii,et al.  Two-phase Flow Characteristic of Inverted Bubbly, Slug and Annular Flow in Post-critical Heat Flux Region , 1990 .

[10]  F. Kaminaga.  Heat Transfer Model for Dispersed Flow Regime during Reflood , 1981 .

[11]  K. H. Sun,et al.  Calculations of Combined Radiation and Convection Heat Transfer in Rod Bundles Under Emergency Cooling Conditions , 1976 .

[12]  D. C. Groeneveld,et al.  Post-dryout heat transfer: Physical mechanisms and a survey of prediction methods , 1975 .

[13]  Yoshinobu Morikawa,et al.  Fluid-dynamic interaction between two spheres , 1982 .

[14]  W. Rohsenow,et al.  Dispersed flow heat transfer , 1977 .

[15]  D. C. Groeneveld,et al.  Prediction of thermal non-equilibrium in the post-dryout regime , 1976 .

[16]  John-Chang Chen.  A short review of dispersed flow heat transfer in post-dryout boiling , 1986 .

[17]  Tanaka Hiroaki,et al.  Post dryout heat transfer to R-113 upward flow in a vertical tube , 1979 .

[18]  H. Kumamaru,et al.  Investigation of pre- and post-dryout heat transfer of steam-water two-phase flow in a rod bundle , 1987 .

[19]  W. Rohsenow,et al.  Post dryout heat transfer prediction , 1986 .

[20]  Ejup N Ganić.  Post critical heat flux heat transfer. , 1976 .

[21]  Warren M. Rohsenow,et al.  Dispersed flow film boiling , 1968 .

[22]  G. Yadigaroglu,et al.  Analytical model for bottom reflooding heat transfer in light water reactors (the UCFLOOD code) , 1978 .

[23]  Shi-Chune Yao,et al.  Convective Heat Transfer to Turbulent Droplet Flow in Circular Tubes , 1981 .

[24]  D. Groeneveld,et al.  1986 AECL-UO Critical Heat Flux Lookup Table , 1986 .

[25]  M. Cumo,et al.  TWO-PHASE, HIGHLY DISPERSED FLOWS. , 1974 .

[26]  C. Unal,et al.  A phenomenological model of the thermal hydraulics of convective boiling during the quenching of hot rod bundles , 1991 .

[27]  Said Elghobashi,et al.  A two-equation turbulence model for dispersed dilute confined two-phase flows , 1989 .

[28]  M. Yuen,et al.  Heat-transfer measurements of evaporating liquid droplets , 1978 .

[29]  Shi-Chune Yao,et al.  The dynamics and leidenfrost temperature of drops impacting on a hot surface at small angles , 1988 .

[30]  M. Pinar Mengüç,et al.  Thermal Radiation Heat Transfer , 2020 .

[31]  Pradip Saha,et al.  A nonequilibrium heat transfer model for dispersed droplet post-dryout regime , 1980 .

[32]  Yoshida Suguru,et al.  Post-dryout heat transfer to Freon in a vertical tube at high subcritical pressures , 1986 .

[33]  Anthony F. Varone.  The influence of the dispersed phase on the convective heat transfer in dispersed flow film boiling , 1990 .

[34]  W. Kastner,et al.  Post-CHF Heat Transfer in Boiler Tubes , 1988 .

[35]  Yoshinobu Morikawa,et al.  LDV measurements of an air-solid two-phase flow in a vertical pipe , 1984, Journal of Fluid Mechanics.

[36]  R. C. Gottula,et al.  Forced-convective nonequilibrium post-CHF heat-transfer experiments in a vertical tube. [PWR] , 1983 .

[37]  W. Rohsenow,et al.  A Solution for Dispersed Flow Heat Transfer Using Equilibrium Fluid Conditions , 1983 .

[38]  E. Ganić,et al.  Heat Transfer in Two-Component Dispersed Flow , 1981 .

[39]  Hiroshi Takamatsu,et al.  An experiment on the heat transfer characteristics in the post-burnout region at high subcritical pressures , 1983 .

[40]  G. Wallis.  One Dimensional Two-Phase Flow , 1969 .

[41]  Gad Hetsroni,et al.  Particles-turbulence interaction , 1989 .

[42]  S. Yao,et al.  Heat Transfer of Laminar Mist Flow in Tubes , 1980 .

[43]  M. Grolmes,et al.  Hydrodynamically-controlled rewetting , 1975 .

[44]  J. Truelove.  The two-flux model for radiative transfer with strongly anisotropic scattering , 1984 .

[45]  Geoffrey F. Hewitt,et al.  Paper 27: Heat Transfer to Steam-Water Mixtures Flowing in Uniformly Heated Tubes in which the Critical Heat Flux has been Exceeded: , 1967 .

[46]  V. E. Schrock,et al.  Heat and Mass Transfer From Freely Falling Drops , 1975 .

[47]  J. R. Howell,et al.  Thermal radiation in participating media - The past, the present, and some possible futures , 1988 .

[48]  F. Mayinger,et al.  POST-DRYOUT HEAT TRANSFER , 1978 .

[49]  Clayton T. Crowe,et al.  Effect of particle size on modulating turbulent intensity , 1989 .

[50]  Warren M. Rohsenow,et al.  Thermal boundary layer development in dispersed flow film boiling , 1982 .

[51]  Warren M. Rohsenow,et al.  Film boiling on the inside of vertical tubes with upward flow of the fluid at low qualities , 1963 .

[52]  T. Enomoto,et al.  Heat Transfer Characteristics and Dynamic Behavior of Saturated Droplets Impinging on a Heated Vertical Surface , 1979 .

[53]  S. Webb,et al.  A numerical model for turbulent non-equilibrium dispersed flow heat transfer , 1982 .

[54]  A. Clare,et al.  Droplet Dynamics and Heat Transfer in Dispersed Two Phase Flow , 1985 .

[55]  G. Yadigaroglu.  Reflooding phase of the LOCA in PWRs. Part I: core heat transfer and fluid flow , 1978 .

[56]  G. Yadigaroglu,et al.  Difficulties in modeling dispersed-flow film boiling , 1992 .

[57]  W. Rohsenow,et al.  On the Mechanism of Liquid Drop Deposition in Two-Phase Dispersed Flow , 1979 .

[58]  R. A. Mugele,et al.  Droplet Size Distribution in Sprays , 1951 .

[59]  R. K. Sundaram,et al.  Measurement of Vapor Superheat in Post-Critical-Heat-Flux Boiling , 1980 .

[60]  Mamoru Ishii,et al.  Inception criteria for droplet entrainment in two-phase concurrent film flow , 1975 .

[61]  R. K. Sundaram,et al.  Vapor heat transfer in post-CHF region including the effect of thermodynamic non-equilibrium , 1979 .

[62]  Michael D. Kelleher,et al.  Experimental Heat Transfer, Fluid Mechanics, and Thermodynamics 1993. , 1993 .

[63]  J. Chung,et al.  Two-phase droplet flow convective and radiative heat transfer , 1984 .

[64]  L. Wachters,et al.  The heat transfer from a hot wall to impinging water drops in the spheroidal state , 1966 .

[65]  R. K. Sundaram,et al.  A phenomenological correlation for post-CHF heat transfer , 1977 .

[66]  V. H. Ransom.  RELAP5/MOD2 code manual , 1985 .

[67]  W. Rohsenow,et al.  Heat transfer to impacting drops and post critical heat flux dispersed flow , 1978 .

[68]  P. M. Worsøe-Schmidt,et al.  Heat transfer and friction for laminar flow of gas in a circular tube at high heating rate: Solutions for hydrodynamically developed flow by a finite-difference method , 1965 .

[69]  N. Zuber,et al.  Post-CHF heat transfer: a non-equilibrium, relaxation model , 1977 .