Target Estimation, Detection, and Tracking

In this article, we explore the adaptive design of radar polarization waveforms for optimal performance, when the statistical properties of the target and clutter are unknown. We focus on a closed-loop system that sequentially estimates the target and clutter scattering parameters, and then uses these estimates to select the polarization of the subsequent waveforms. We demonstrate that the radar system performance is significantly improved when the polarization of the transmitted signal is optimally and adaptively selected to match the polarimetric aspects of the target and environment. In particular, we provide an overview of our recent results showing that the adaptive design of the radar signal polarization enables achieving optimal performance in several operating modes, including detection, estimation, and tracking.

[1]  J. S. Goldstein,et al.  Full-polarization matched-illumination for target detection and identification , 2002 .

[2]  Arye Nehorai,et al.  Polarimetric Detection of Targets in Heavy Inhomogeneous Clutter , 2008, IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing.

[3]  L.M. Novak,et al.  On the performance of polarimetric target detection algorithms , 1990, IEEE Aerospace and Electronic Systems Magazine.

[4]  Jian Wang,et al.  Adaptive polarimetry design for a target in compound-Gaussian clutter , 2009, 2006 International Waveform Diversity & Design Conference.

[5]  Fulvio Gini,et al.  Effects of foliage on the formation of K-distributed SAR imagery , 1999, Signal Process..

[6]  Arye Nehorai,et al.  Vector-sensor array processing for electromagnetic source localization , 1994, IEEE Trans. Signal Process..

[7]  Neil J. Gordon,et al.  A tutorial on particle filters for online nonlinear/non-Gaussian Bayesian tracking , 2002, IEEE Trans. Signal Process..

[8]  Anja Vogler,et al.  An Introduction to Multivariate Statistical Analysis , 2004 .

[9]  Arye Nehorai,et al.  Polarimetric modeling and parameter estimation with applications to remote sensing , 1995, IEEE Trans. Signal Process..

[10]  A. Nehorai,et al.  Performance analysis of passive low-grazing-angle source localization in maritime environments using vector sensors , 2007, IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems.

[11]  Leslie M. Novak,et al.  Studies of target detection algorithms that use polarimetric radar data , 1988 .

[12]  J. Huynen Phenomenological theory of radar targets , 1970 .

[13]  Kristine L. Bell,et al.  A Tutorial on Particle Filters for Online Nonlinear/NonGaussian Bayesian Tracking , 2007 .

[14]  C. Baker,et al.  Maritime surveillance radar Part 1 : Radar scattering from the ocean surface , 1990 .

[15]  Arye Nehorai,et al.  Optimal Beampattern Synthesis of a Polarized Array , 2007, 2007 IEEE/SP 14th Workshop on Statistical Signal Processing.

[16]  Arye Nehorai,et al.  Polarization optimization for scattering estimation in heavy clutter , 2008, 2008 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing.

[17]  Jos F. Sturm,et al.  A Matlab toolbox for optimization over symmetric cones , 1999 .

[18]  G. Ioannidis,et al.  Optimum antenna polarizations for target discrimination in clutter , 1979 .

[19]  A. Robert Calderbank,et al.  A Simple Signal Processing Architecture for Instantaneous Radar Polarimetry , 2007, IEEE Transactions on Information Theory.

[20]  E. M. Kennaugh,et al.  Effects of Type of Polarization On Echo Characteristics , 1952 .

[21]  Aleksandar Dogandzic,et al.  Generalized multivariate analysis of variance - A unified framework for signal processing in correlated noise , 2003, IEEE Signal Process. Mag..

[22]  Arye Nehorai,et al.  Adaptive polarimetry design for a target in compound-Gaussian clutter , 2006 .

[23]  D. Giuli,et al.  Polarization diversity in radars , 1986, Proceedings of the IEEE.

[24]  J. Compton On the performance of a polarization sensitive adaptive array , 1981 .

[25]  Y. Yamaguchi,et al.  A state-of-the-art review in radar polarimetry and its applications in remote sensing , 1990, IEEE Aerospace and Electronic Systems Magazine.

[26]  Carlos H. Muravchik,et al.  Posterior Cramer-Rao bounds for discrete-time nonlinear filtering , 1998, IEEE Trans. Signal Process..

[27]  D.R. Fuhrmann One-step optimal measurement selection for linear gaussian estimation problems , 2007, 2007 International Waveform Diversity and Design Conference.

[28]  G. Sinclair,et al.  The Transmission and Reception of Elliptically Polarized Waves , 1950, Proceedings of the IRE.

[29]  Jian Wang,et al.  Maximum Likelihood Estimation of Compound-Gaussian Clutter and Target Parameters , 2006, IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing.

[30]  Jian Wang,et al.  Maximum likelihood estimation for compound-gaussian clutter with inverse gamma texture , 2007, IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems.

[31]  PROCEssIng magazInE IEEE Signal Processing Magazine , 2004 .

[32]  Arye Nehorai,et al.  Optimal Polarized Beampattern Synthesis Using a Vector Antenna Array , 2009, IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing.

[33]  Tong Zhao,et al.  Adaptive Polarized Waveform Design for Target Tracking Based on Sequential Bayesian Inference , 2008, IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing.

[34]  T. Parks,et al.  Direction finding with an array of antennas having diverse polarizations , 1983 .